Where does the protein synthesis process begin? In the nucleus b. What is chromatin? Complex proteins and some RNA c. Define a gene and explain its importance. The hereditary units that controls cellular structure and directs cellular activity.
Cytoplasm is located within the cell membrane and all cell types and contains all organelles and cell parts. Majority of all the important activities take place in the cytoplasm as cytoplasm consist of enzymes which are responsible for breaking down waste and also aid in metabolic activity. Nucleus: The nucleus is the control system of the cell. The nucleus contains the DNA of the cell. The function of the cell is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating the gene expression.
Many chemical reactions are carried out in the cytoplasm. Glycogen and melanin are found in the cytoplasm. Organelles: Organelles are different components of a cell and have a distinct structure and their own functions. They can be likened to miniature organs. Organelles include mitochondria, Iysosomes, the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.
Synthesis of polypeptide chains is protein The chains produce specfic proteins based on the genetic code in DNA. This occurs in two stages, which is transcription and translation. The transcription stage occurs in the nucleus where the DNA contains the cistrons/genes that code for specific polypeptides. The transcribing stand is the part of the strand that forms the cistron. The strand acts as a template and is transcribed to mRNA.
stores proteins and alot of exporting (sending stuff out of the cell) 3. In which part of the cell would you expect to find nucleotides? building block for DNA, DNA found in the nucleus 4. Name the two organelles involved in energy conversion.chloroplast and mitochondria 5. What are the basic functions of the organelles in chapter 4?
Explain how DNA replicates? What are some characteristics of the structure of DNA? Explain complementary base pairing. 15. Describe in detail the phases of mitosis.
The plasma membrane acts as a selective barrier between the cell and its environment, and is a structure that you will study in detail throughout the year. The nucleus consists of a limiting double bilayer nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores enclosing the nucleoplasm. Small, irregular particles scattered throughout the nucleus or accumulated adjacent to the nuclear envelope are clumps of condensed chromatin known as heterochromatin. They consist of protein and DNA and stain with basic dyes. When the chromatin is dispersed and not readily stainable, it is known as euchromatin.
| | | A) | provides a location for DNA production | | | B) | helps decrease surface area | | | C) | allows selective permeability of cell membrane | | | D) | facilitates breakdown of chemical bonds | | | | | | Feedback: The pleats and folds of the endoplasmic reticulum provides a large surface area where cellular functions, such as breaking chemical bonds, can take place. |
Rough ER transports these proteins to the regions in the cell where it is needed. | Ribosomes | A ribosome is composed of two parts known as the large and small subunits. Each of these is a combination of protein and a type of RNA known as rRNA. | the main thing they do is that they arrange the strands of the amino acids for use of the other parts of the cell and ultimately the body. | Goigi Apparatus | The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to be responsible for handling the macromolecules that are required for proper cell functioning | It packages and ships molecules made in the ER.
Can microtubules act as a good pharmaceutical target? Microtubules are known as tubuline polymers initiated in the cell cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They have a hollow centre surrounded by a cell wall made up of 13 tubuline molecules which are stacked up beside each other. Tubuline is a recognised as a globular protein and has two dissimilar subunits such as α-tubuline and β-tubuline. These dimers add on to the ends of a microtubule allowing the molecule to increase in size (Campbell & Reece, 2004).