Structure, Development and Impact of the Cruise Industry on Leading Destinations

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‘Cruise tourism is the fastest growing segment of leisure tourism’ (Klein 2011:107). Between 1980 and 2010, the cruise industry has seen a passenger growth rate of 7.5% on average per year and in 2010 it’s estimated that 15 million passengers took a cruise of 7.2 days average length (Cruise Lines International Association, 2011). Klein (2011), states that with such rapid growth there are concerns for the impact on the environment, local economies in popular ports and on the sociocultural nature of communities. This paper will seek to examine these impacts and the development and structure of the cruise industry as it stands today. Cartwright and Baird (1999) reveal that in 1801 the first steam driven ship commenced service in Scotland and over the following years wooden steam ships were used only for short journeys. In 1818 the first transatlantic crossing was made taking nearly 28 days and in 1839 Samuel Cunard was awarded the transatlantic mail contract which commenced on 4th July 1839. Ships such as the Britannia made the transatlantic crossing much safer and quicker for passengers and in 1843 the first steel hulled, propeller driven ship changed the future of the shipping industry. Ocean liners entered into service as early as 1881 and in the 1890’s Orient Line offered regular Caribbean, Mediterranean and Scandinavian cruises, by 1901 the White Star Line had placed its first ship into service and in 1912 Cunard commenced the first dual purpose ocean/cruise lines. Cruising at this time was still expensive and was mostly used for transport between two points however, ocean travel was considered to be completely safe until the Titanic disaster in 1912. Following World War 1, there was a major shortage of vessels for the liner businesses and even ships taken from Germany as compensation couldn’t meet demand of the traffic at the time due to emigration from Europe

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