Stromatolites Essay

457 Words2 Pages
Stromatolites Stromatolites are Laminated organo-sedimentary structures formed by the trapping and binding, and/or precipitation of minerals by microorganisms. They can be thought of as microbial mats in which a rock-like layer of either sand or precipitated minerals is also present. Fossil Stromatolites are our earliest and most pervasive record of life on Earth. Although many Stromatolites are fossils, there are a number of locations on presently where Stromatolites are still forming. Stromatolites are layered structures formed in limestone due to the activity of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in warm shallow waters. Stromatolites grow very slowly, at a rate of less than 1 millimeter per year. They are hard, dome shaped structures and are categorized into three types (colloform-mat, smooth-mat and pustular-mat) according to the water depth in which they live. Stromatolites are formed through the activity of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are simple, single-celled photosynthetic prokaryotes. There are two ways in which these microbial communities form, the first being the most common in bays and ocean locations. The first method involves the growing filaments (cyanobacteria) trapping fine sediment with a sticky film of mucus that each cell produces, and then the sediment grains are binded together with calcium carbonate given off by the water. The second method is used in lakes and requires the cyanobacteria to precipitate their own carbonate framework and hardens as the filaments continue to grow upwards through the formation, towards the light. An environment in which Stromatolites would live and grow include: anaerobic, marine (lakes, bays, oceans), high salinity, low tide, warm temperature, poor water circulation or shallow water. Recently, Stromatolites have been found in Pre-Cambrian rocks at Shark Bay in Western Australia (where they were first found),

More about Stromatolites Essay

Open Document