Several political and social reforms were established to gain support from the peasantry and fulfill their initial promises, as well as an alternative agenda of increasing control. Decrees aiming to increase support included the redistribution of land owned by the Tsar, church and nobility to the peasants, improved wages and working conditions, including an 8 hour working day and illness, injury and unemployment insurance, increased rights for women, and the initiation of peace negotiations with Germany to end the war. However, the Bolsheviks also implemented detrimental policies in an attempt to repress opposition, counter acts of revolution and external attempts to gain control. This included the establishment of the Cheka, which used violence and forceful tactic to instil fear within the population and diminish opposition, evident with their killing of 50,000 people in 1918. Furthermore, all non-Bolshevik newspapers were censored, opposition parties, such as the Cadets, were banned and their members arrested, and banks were placed under Bolshevik control in order to maintain and
However, Lenin had accepted that this was due to the slogan which he had adopted which was ‘Land to the Peasants.’ The ‘Decree on Workers’ Control’:- During 1917, there were a large number of factories which had been taken over by the workers. The decree accepted the takeover of the workers but did also instruct the workers committees to maintain ‘the strictest order and discipline’ within the workplace. Vesenkha:- Body to oversee economic development Creation of the Cheka, 1917:- Lenin was determined to impose absolute Bolshevik rule by suppressing of all political opposition. The October coup of the Cheka enables the Bolsheviks to deal with their opponents. Attitudes amongst Bolsheviks towards the war:- Some wanted the continuation of a revolutionary war against Germany whereas on the other hand, other people wanted an immediate peace to lessen the strains that were upon Russia.
In addition it will also examine the human failures; this would be defined as human loss, death and or a decrease in living conditions and quality of life. Stalin’s first economic policy of the 1930’s was to introduce Collectivization. This was the joining of private plots which had been previously divided amongst the peasants by the Tsar, in order to increase the amount of output production altogether. Efficiency of farms and a boost in agriculture was essential in order to support industrialization which Stalin wanted to push forward. He needed enough food to be produced in order to support the working masses that would be turning to industry in cities.
In 1928 the Politburo voted unanimously for "emergency measures", they started to forcibly confiscate grain from the peasants so they would be able to increase output and therefore pay for the industrialisation that Russia desperately needed, this then lead to the collectivisation of farms which on paper was meant to increase production and therefore allow for more money to be made to pay for the industrialisation. By the 1930's peasants were very bitter the the regime, And many killed their own cattle and other life stock so the state could not take the produce off them, this lead to the famine in 1932-1933. I can see there is strong evidence on both sides for gains for the Soviet economy in both 1928 and by 1941 but also for losses. Some would argue that in 1928 agriculture gave little contribution towards the Russian economy. At this point grain was forcibly taken by communists due to a grain shortage that had began in 1927, this was referred to as the "Urals-Siberian method", which was named after the area the practice started in.
“Why did the Bolsheviks win the Civil War?” Bolsheviks were one of the oppositions of the Tsar who were led by Lenin. They were one of the minor groups who were against the Tsar but then their supporters and followers had increased making them stronger and invulnerable. They’ve fought for what they thought was right and this led them to the success they’ve always wanted – taking over Russia. But at the end of the year 1918, a civil war occurred between the Red Army who were mainly the Bolsheviks, and the White Army who were consisted of the Social Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, supporters of the Tsar, workers and capitalists, and the Americans, British and French. The White Armies had outnumbered the Red Armies but the Red Army still managed to win the Civil war.
But during his time, Marx witnessed the industrial Revolution bringing about conflicts between the capitalists and the proletariat, creating two classes in society – the rich and the poor. Marx sees the world as a class struggle – a struggle between the oppressor and the oppressed or a struggle between the bourgeoisie ( or the capitalists ) and the proletariat ( or the workers ). In The German Ideology Marx gives an account of European history to backup his ideas. He traces ownership of properties during different periods of time: when tribes hunted, fished for food, reared animals and kept slaves; tribes united and owned communal land and kept slaves; and during the middle ages, estate properties owned by the ruling classes with the peasants or serfs, replacing slaves as the other conflicting party. He describes how feudalism developed and how conflicts between the productive
Lenin was responsible for changing Russia into U.S.S.R ( Union of Sovietic Socialists Republics), as Old Major is responsible for transforming manor farm into animal farm. Snowball is modeled on Trotsky, another Marxist thinker. Snowball´s plans for the windmill and programs reflect Trotsky´s ideas about the best ways to transform Marx´s theories into practice. Trotsky was the leader of Lenin´s army, as Snowball directs the army of animals
This was a dramatic change from the Bolshevik party's position in 1917 when the party enjoyed widespread support amongst the peasants, workers and soldiers who saw in the Bolshevik's the best hope for popular revolution. By the early 1920's however this had all changed. The Bolshevik's had lost the majority of its popular support after a ferocious Civil War and several economic disasters, political failures and mismanagement. Throughout the period 1917 to 1924 the Bolshevik's tried desperately to consolidate their power and regain control of the Country. Lenin’s contribution to the Bolshevik Party was an essential factor in their consolidation of power during 1917-1924, however; Lenin’s role was not the only factor contributing to their success.
Name: Emily Coleman Date: June 8, 2012 Selection Title: Animal Farm Literal Meaning: The story Animal farm is rhetoric of the Russian Revolution. It retells the story of the emergence and development of the Soviet Communism in the form of a story with animals who wish to take over the farm. Animal farm allegorizes the rise to the power of the dictator Mr. Jones Stalin. The over throw of Mr. Jones by a democratic coalition of animals gives away all of the power to the pigs. Just the Soviet, the pigs are able to establish themselves as a ruling class in the now new society.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the practice of enclosure was denounced by the Church, and legislation was drawn up against it; but the developments in agricultural mechanization during the 18th century required large, enclosed fields so as to be workable. This led to a series of government acts, culminating in the General enclosure Act of 1801, which sanctioned large-scale land reform. While small farmers received compensation for their strips, it was minimal, while the loss of rights for the rural