The long, thin ascus causes both meiotic spindles and the mitotic spindles to be aligned during spore formation. As a result, the positioning of the ascospores directly reflects the arrangement of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I of meiosis (Glase, 1995). This allows us to detect which alleles were exchanged creating crossovers. Sexual reproduction in the S. fimicola is important because an it allows for a significant source of genetic variability, and allows the fungus to adapt to new environments (Fincham, 1971). This genetic variability is obtained when crossovers occur between
To manipulate the flies, they are anesthetized using CO2 that is administered through the FlowBuddyTM device with a 5 L/min flow rate. Once immobile, the flies are examined and scored under a 10.5-45X magnification stereomicroscope. The flies are returned to the incubation chamber set at 25ºC to facilitate optimal growth conditions. The first discriminant cross, DC1, is made by crossing mutant virgin females with Curly/Plum; Dichaete/Stubble marker males. Depending on the genetic outcome of DC1, the second discriminant cross, DC2, is made by crossing female wild-type virgins with F1 males if the unknown mutation is dominant, or by crossing F1 males with mutant females if the unknown mutation is recessive.
3. Katydids can also mimic other insects to avoid being eaten Interesting Facts: 1. The katydid’s order is Orthoptera. 2. The katydid’s family is
These segments are capable of forming a completely new black worm when detached from the host body, and in most Blackworms is the primary for of siring offspring. “Blackworms (Lumbriculus variegatus) are excellent organisms for studying the circulatory system and the effects of drugs on this system for three main reasons: their skin is transparent making it easy to observe pulsation rates, drugs quickly diffuse through the skin of Blackworms thus providing immediate effects, Blackworms are easy to maintain in a laboratory (Bohrer, 2006).” Blackworms have a dorsal blood vessel that pumps oxygenated blood from the posterior to the anterior end. This is done by a muscular contraction in the segments. The effects of temperature and chemical application of heart rate will be tested on the Blackworms in this lab. In most annelids, the body temperature of the worm will change with the environment.
There are several types of parasites such as Ectoparasite- which is a parasite that lives on the host’s surface, examples will be hair and body lice and mites. Endoparasites – One that lives inside the host, for example heartworm, tapeworm and flatworms. Epiparasite- This one feeds on another parasite. For example, fleas and ticks. 1.2 Identify common illness and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.
All viruses have genes made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; all have a protein coat that protects these genes; and some have an envelope of fat that surrounds them when they are outside a cell. Fungi are diverse in terms of their shape, size & means of infecting humans. Fungi are eukaryotes, meaning that like parasites, their cells have a true nucleus and complex internal structures. They are most commonly found as environmentally resistant spores and molds, but can cause disease in humans in the forms of yeasts. Parasites are part of a large group of organisms called eukaryotes.
Energy & Matter for Critter I. PART ONE * TraFly is a Carnivore because it’s diet consists of insects, beetles, ants, and caterpillars. The source of carbohydrates comes from crickets, red ants, and June beetles. Out of those, crickets have the most carbohydrates. The source of protein comes from caterpillars, crickets, red ants, and June beetles.
But in some species there are many more than six present in a flower (see, for example, the spider tree flower, below). Collectively, the stamens are called an androecium (from Greek andros oikia: man's house). The column formed from the fusion of multiple filaments is known as an androphore. The anthers are bilocular, i.e. they have two locules.
From where were the toads imported? 4. Why were the toads imported? To eat all the cane grubs and beetles 5. The term used to describe the sexual clasping of amphibians proceeding egg laying and fertilization is called _______________.
This period is termed pupating. Silkworms possess a pair of specially modified salivary glands called sericteries, which are used for the production of fibroin – a clear, viscous, proteinaceous fluid that is forced through openings called spinnerets on the mouthpart of the larva.Liquid secretions from the two large glands in the insect emerge from the spinneret, a single exit tube in the head. The diameter of the spinneret determines the thickness of the silk thread, which is produced as a long, continuous filament. The secretions harden on exposure to the air and form twin filaments composed of fibroin, a protein material. A second pair of glands secretes a gummy binding fluid called sericin which bonds the two filaments