We also have to determine if the compound is ionic or covalent based on our findings. Introduction: 1: Molecular and Electronic Structure shows us what light is and how its interaction with matter gives our world color. “Spectroscopy is the study of how materials interact with light. This tool can be used to understand both the nature and structure of molecules. White light is composed of all of the different colors of light combined.
Experiment 2.1 Absorption Spectrum of a Conjugated Dye Table of contents * Page 1 Title sheet & Table of contents * Page 2 Introduction & Abstract * Page 3 Abstract continued, Method & Results * Page 4 Results * Page 5 Results * Page 6 Results * Page 7 Discussion * Page 8 Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to determine a relationship between energy levels and wavelengths in a range of dyes in a manner that would satisfy the Schrodinger wave equation and Eigen functions. This would be achieved by finding the maximum absorption for a particular dye and using that information, working out an alpha value to determine the wavelength of the molecule and from that, the discrete energy value. A successful experiment would involve the wavelength increasing as the number of conjugate electrons increases and also show a decrease in energy of the wavelength. Abstract: UV Vis spectroscopy is a method of analysis that measures transitions between a ground state and an excited state in a molecule. This method of analysis was used to determine the maximum absorption for the four dyes used in the experiment.
Also velocity of the light in a medium is inversely proportional to the refractive index of that medium. If the refractive index increases, then velocity of the light decreases. Reflection happens when light is returned back from the surface it hits. Incoming and reflected lights have the same angle as the surface. If the surface reflects most of the light then we call such surfaces as mirrors reflective.
We are investigating whether the type of coloured light affects the refractive index of the angle of refraction. We are also investigating whether there is a difference in refractive angle between two different types of block- perspix and plastec. The independent variable (the one we change) is the colour of light. We change this by using different coloured filters to filter the white light coming from the light bulb so that all the other colours of the spectrum are absorbed except the one colour which we want. We will be using the seven colours red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
Fraction Distillation Aim/Purpose: The main goal of the experiment Fraction Distillation was to use a technique called distillation to separate a mixture of liquids into three separate fractions. Also, the composition of each fraction is determined by recording Gas Chromatography. Theory: The original mixture that is distilled is comprised of equal amounts of hexane and toluene. Separation of this mixture is based on the differences in the component’s boiling point. Since boiling point and vapor pressure are inversely proportional, the separation is thus based on the vapor pressure as well.
Planck's constant: the constant relating the change in energy for a system to the frequency of the electromagnatic radiation absorbed or emitted, equal to 6.626 X 10^-34 J 5. Quantization: the concept that energy can occur only in discrete units called quanta 6. Photon: a quantum of electromagnetic radiation 7. Photoelectric effect: ejection of electrons from a substance by incident electromagnetic radiation, especially by visible light 8. E=mc^2: Einstein's equation proposing that energy has mass; E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light 9.
Diffusion Lab Introduction: In this lab you will observe the diffusion of a substance across a semi permeable membrane. Iodine is a known indicator for starch. An indicator is a substance that chances color in the presence of the substance it indicates. Prelab Observations: Describe what happened when iodine came into contact with starch. Drop a very small amount of iodine on a piece of paper and observe what happens to the paper.
TOPIC SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CYTOCHROME C ABSTRACT We devised and carried out an experiment to determine the cytochrome c concentration of a sample solution. A graph of variation in absorbance with wavelength of another solution of fixed concentration was used to determine the wavelength of maximum absorbance (□max). Another graph of the variation in absorbance at □max with concentration was used to quantify for the cytochrome c in the solution ‘X’. The slope of the second graph was then determined. A value of A(1% 1cm) was obtained.
This distance depends on the angle of the incident light and the thickness of the film. White light is made up of different colors, corresponding to specific wavelengths. As the film thickness changes, the extra distance the ray must travel changes. Interference is constructive when the total extra distance matches a specific wavelength of light, and is destructive when it is half a wavelength. So if white light shines on a bubble, the film reflects light of a specific hue, and this hue changes with the film’s thickness.
Structure of Ethyl Acetate (Toxipedia 2010) | The polar interactions between the solutions and both of the absorbent and the solvent can occur as a dipole-dipole interaction, the result of the contact of two polar molecules with permanent dipoles such as hydrogen bonding and also dipole-induced dipole interaction in which a molecule with a permanent dipole polarizes another molecule. While dipole-dipole interactions are particularly strong, the dipole-induced dipole interactions are much weaker, for instance, Van der Waals interactions (Library 4 Science 2008). These interactions will assist in the determination of the polarity of substances. The compounds provided are Acetaminophen, Acetylsalicylic acid, Ibuprofen, Caffeine and two unknown mixtures. By judging known substances with those unknown it might be possible to determine if any of the known are included in the unknown mixtures due to the different polarity of