2H2 + O2 → 2H2O + 130KJ 4.83 x 103 kJ 15. How many grams of H2 would be needed to produce 260. KJ of energy? 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O + 130KJ 8.08 g 16. 20. mol H2 reacts with 8.0 mol O2 to produce H2O.
For the sulfate anion test, 1 mL of 6M HCl and 1 mL of 0.1M BaCl2 react with 1 mL of the test solution to form a white precipitate product. This indicates the presence of sulfate (SO4¬2-). Sulfate anion equation: H2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → HCl(aq) + BaSO4 (s). The chloride anion test involves mixing 1 mL of the test solution and 1 mL of 0.1M AgNO3. White precipitate shows the presence of chloride (Cl-).
Quality Control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company A Self-Directed Experiment 16 April 2012 INTRODUCTION The Athenium Baking Soda Company has begun producing baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydrogen carbonate). NH4HCO3 + NaCl ==> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl Due to the high concentration of the brine solution that is used to generate the product, contaminants are often present in the finished product as chloride compounds. The contaminants may be detected when the finished baking soda product is dried and filtered. PURPOSE: In this experiment, we will be employing quality control by analyzing the composition and purity of the contaminated baking soda samples. To perform this experiment, we will utilize emission spectra, titrations, and thermal gravimetric analysis, using knowledge from Experiments 10, 4, Titrations of Na2CO3 and NAHCO3 by HCl (hydrochloric acid) will be performed to determine the concentration of HCl, as well as the number of moles of HCl present within the sample of baking soda.
Because baking soda is a natural compound, using it in these products can replace potentially environmentally harmful products. Out of several methods to produce baking soda, the Athenium Baking Soda Company has chosen the method of reacting brine with ammonium hydrogen carbonate to form baking soda: NH4HCO3(s) + NaCl(aq) => NaHCO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) Brine is defined as water containing a higher concentration of sodium chloride than typical seawater, along with the possible impurities potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) (brinechem). After NaHCO3 is dried and filtered, it may contain contaminants (KCl, LiCl, CaCl2) in the residue. To ensure the standards of the products are kept high, many baking soda manufacturing companies employ technicians and scientists to analyze and approve the products. This analysis is commonly referred to as quality control and includes periodic inspections designed to ensure the company’s products are meeting the set standards such as being uncontaminated, not losing quality during the manufacturing process, and not containing chemical structure or composition imperfections.
Results APPEARANCES OF MATERIALS USED Substance Physical Appearance Zinc Carbonate White; powderish Calcium Hydroxide White; powderish; like zinc carbonate 3 M HCL Clear liquid, resembles water 20 mesh granular zinc Grey, metallic, shiny 3% hydrogen peroxide Clear liquid; resembles water Manganese dioxide Very dark grey, black and powdery Copper sulfate Blue, crystalline in structure. Sky blue Zinc iodide Very dark purple, shiny and crystalline in structure 0.1 M acetic acid Clear liquid, resembles water Zinc oxide Very white powdery substance RAW RESULTS Data Specifided (Page 112 CRC handbook) Raw data Volume of Gas Collection Bottle (Average of 3 Trials) 14.04mL Mass of boiling tube (empty) 41.57g Mass of boiling tube with zinc carbonate 43.42g Mass of zinc carbonate 1.75g Volume of water in gas collection bottle after reaction 78.5mL Volume of gas product collected 185.2mL Mass of solid product with boiling tube after reaction 1.11g QUALITATIVE TEST RESULTS Group # Test Observation: Standard Positive/Negative Observation: Experimental Positive/Negative 1 H2 HCL + Zinc bubbling + flaming stick POP! + + flaming splint no POP - 2 CO2 Turned cloudy + Negated from experiment Negated from experiment 3 O2 MgO2 + Hydrogen Peroxide bubbling. Glow stick re-ignited + + wooden splint; glowing stick went out - 4 H2) Added 1 pea size CuSulfate + 1 drop of deionized water; blue, positive + Copper sulfate did not change color when put into wet filter paper - 5 Zn (OH)2 Zinc iodide + 3mL H2O Clear suspension + Visual inspection; cloudy. Acid test= solid + 3M Acetic acid cloudy + 6 ZnO ZnO + Heat yellow Zn Cooled White + ZnCO3 + heat yellow solid.
Zing Substances. For ionizing substances, such as NaCl , 1mosm is 1mmole times the number of ions formed when each molecule dissociates. One mmole of NaCl is 58 mg, but when it dissociates, it yields 1 mmole of Na+ (23mg) and 1mmole of Cl ( 35mg). Therefore , 58 mg of NaCl is 2 mOsm of NaCl is put into a beaker and distilled water added to make 1 liter, the osmolarity is 2mOsm/l. A) How many mosm solute will 1 gram of NaCl yield?
We are performing the experiment to gain our spots on the team of quality control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company. The purpose of the quality control is to determine the quality and safety of use of the baking soda. The theory behind thermal gravimetric analysis is that when a mixture is heated to a sufficiently high temperature, one component decomposes to form a gaseous compound while the other does not decompose. The mass is measured before and after the heating and stoichiometric ratios are used to determine the percent by mass. The chemical equation to be used is : 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) In the second part, 1.0 M HCl will be titrated into a solution with a known amount of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), the pH will be measured as it becomes more acidic and the equivalence point (the point at which HCL and Na2CO3 reach equilibrium) determined.
Introduction: Thyme contains a surprising amount of iron compounds. This experiment enables us to determine the amount of iron(II) present in dried thyme by means of a redox reaction. Method: 1. Weigh accurately about 1g of dried thyme and put into a 250cm3 beaker. Record the mass of thyme used.
2-propanol (bp=82 degrees C) 3. tetrahydofuran (bp=65 degrees C) 4. 1-butanol (bp=118 degrees C) 5. butanone (bp=80 degrees C) Give a better separation for the mixture to be distilled tetrahydofuran (bp=65 degrees C) because it is farthest from 100 degrees C Which alkyl halide would react fastest in a nucleophilic substitution using silver nitrate in ethanol (weak nucleophile, protic solvent)? 3-bromo-3-methylpentane (most
Part B: The graduated pipet’s average density at 22.3 °C was determined to be 0.9785g/mL with a percentage error of 1.89% shows the graduated pipet to be more accurate and precise. Part C: Density of an unknown NaCl solution was measured and a calibration curve used to determine the percentage of NaCl by mass in the solution. y=0.007x + 0.998 which concluded that the concentration of the sodium chloride solution was 3.14%. INTRODUCTION Anything that you can see, touch, taste or smell, occupies space and has mass, it is called matter. Matter can be a gas, a liquid,