What is the relationship of “prejudice’ and “discrimination” to the latter three terms? 3. Discuss how the definition of racism has changed over time, and the different ways whites and blacks perceive racism. 4. How does Blauner relate colonialism to a modern racial hierarchy?
Book Review: Race, Class, and Gender in the United States Leigh Anne Haygood August 10, 2010 Liberty University HSER 509 Dr. Nicole Cross Rothenberg, P. (2010), Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. New York: Worth Publishers. Abstract Rothenberg paints an oppressive picture for women, the financially oppressed and minority members of society. The author presents compelling essays of race, gender and class which examine the social construct of each issue. Race has been defined as the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.
Collins’ work is immensely important in the field of race and gender relations in America. Collins works closely with the theory of intersectionality, a term coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw. Intersectionality refers to how different areas of oppressions intersect each other, such as race, ethnicity, nation, social class, gender, sexuality, and age, to shape the ways that one is marginalized (Crenshaw, 1991, p.1244). Collins expands on this idea with
Conceptual Framework Racial identity theorists have contended that individuals process racial stimuli through various identity statuses (Carter, 1995). Racial identity statuses are thought to influence or shape aspects of self such race, racial group in relation to other non-dominant racial groups, and view of the dominant racial group. For Black Americans, racial identity includes four ego identity statuses; Pre Encounter, Encounter, Immersion-Emersion, and Internalization (Helms, Jernigan, & Mascher, 2005). Each ego identity status is associated with distinct cognitive, behavioral and affective states. Pre Encounter is associated with a worldview that contends that race is not salient to personality identity.
After-Shock and Social Conflict Theory Social Conflict theory, or approach, is a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change. (Macionis J., 2011) Just as Macionis describes this social conflict in the book Society, The Basics—11th Edition, that this approach highlights how factors such as class, race, ethnicity, gender and age are linked to inequality in terms of money, power, education and social prestige, there are many examples of this in Robert B. Reich’s After-Shock, The Next Economy and America’s Future. In chapters two and three of Reich’s After-Shock, he describes situations and compares both the great depression of the late 1920’s and early 1930’s with the recession of the late 2000’s and the years prior to each describing what the economy was like and the situation the people of America were in at these times. During these 2 chapters, Reich points out several elements of social conflict theory between the people of different classes and the money and wealth that separates them. During this essay I will point out a couple examples of these elements of social conflict theory in Reich’s analysis and I will also point out some of the data that he draws upon to make this argument.
The development of feminism over time has seen many different feminist perspectives emerge such as liberal feminism, conservative feminism, radical feminism, socialist feminism, black feminism and lesbian feminism. The evolution of feminism is commonly divided into three ‘waves’. First wave feminism encompasses the origins of feminism, the fight for suffrage and the empowerment of women. Second wave feminism begins in the 1960’s when feminists fought for equal rights on issues such as workplace discrimination and domestic relationships, challenging the male influenced perceptions of femininity. These ideas were then challenged in the 1990’s with third wave feminism and postfeminism, both of which are concerned with the mass media’s influence on our understanding of gender.
Sociologists have developed different perspectives to explain why racial and ethnic inequality occurs and why they persist. These perspectives include theories based on functionalism, conflict, symbolic interactionism, and feminism. Symbolic interaction theorists look at two issues in relation to race and ethnicity. First, they look at the role of social interaction and how it reduces racial and ethnic hostility. Second, they look at how race and ethnicity are socially constructed.
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE ABEDA INAMDAR SENIOR COLLEGE Topic: Racial Discrimination in The Bluest Eyes Paper: Fiction, IV (3.4) By: Kwran Omar Mustafa Roll NO. : 29 Email: kwranmustafa@yahoo.com Cellphone No: 8421783804 2011 - 2012 Introduction This paper is about the issue of discrimination on the ground of race against blacks an American novel, The Bluest eye by Toni Morrison. In the novel it is shown how blacks are treated as the Other and sub human by the American white racists during the slavery period. In the paper the racial discrimination against blacks is elucidated and illustrated by referring to some specific situations in the story of the novel. Two kinds of racial discrimination is pointed out, one is white against blacks and the second one is blacks against blacks.
Social Movements and Gender As society becomes frustrated or dissatisfied with the surrounding social, political, or economic situation, they desire change. Collective activities, called social movements, begin to occur and changes the social environment or a group within a particular society. “Every major social institution in a culture affects the construction of gender/sex, and gender/sex as an institution influences the functioning of every other institution (DeFrancisco & Palczewski, 2007, p. 151). Gender often plays a major role in many social movements. In this paper the subject is to examine three social movements involving gender to help demonstrate the impact public opinion has on gender issues.
Almost all jobs men did before they left to fight in the war were now a women’s job. All these jobs were a drastic change from their usual routine of cooking, cleaning and being “baby makers”, though women still got paid less than half of what men were getting paid doing these jobs. Women all across Canada started to realize that there might be something more for them in their future. Since women were doing so much for the war effort, they wanted a share in making decisions about their country. This is when women first began to work for political equality with men.