Sociological Theory Paper (Higher Level)

1083 Words5 Pages
Studying Human Society: The Sociological Approach 1. Describe one similarity and two differences between structural and action theories. (187 Words) When comparing Structural theories, such as Marxism, Functionalism and Feminism(s), and Social Action theories such as Interactionist theory, we see there is a similarity in their foundation desire to understand and interpret the roles and behaviour of people in society. However, when considering contrasts within these theories we see marked differences; for example, structural theories are deterministic, believing people to be the products of the society they live in, their status the result of social prescriptivism. Whereas, action theorists expressly believe we have free-will and are capable of choosing our own path; that society should be and is defined by the opinions and actions of those individuals who form it. Also, whilst structural theorists are concerned with how society functions on a macro level (i.e. the big picture), primarily using quantitative research methods, believing each institution of society plays a vital role in maintaining overall order and efficiency. In direct contrast, social action theories are focussed at a micro level, carrying out qualitative research with smaller social groups, interpreting meaning and considering individual perspective; believing society to be the sum of all its parts, a collection of individuals. 2. Describe two key features of the functionalist perspective. (161 Words) Functionalism is a consensus theory and expresses the belief that we are accepting of our society and the rules therein. Concluding that social order is a necessity and therefore we must collectively share the same norms and values, resulting in a ‘value consensus’ which will in turn reinforce the status quo. Functionalist theory requires members of its
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