In very few instances, say projects covering solely the supply of materials and equip¬ment, can projects adopt a non-gender-differen¬tiated procedure. Gender Imbalance in Project Management Recruitment Though more women are now getting involved, project management it is still dominated by men. Is this because of sexist attitudes of recruiters, or is it because of some other reasons? Female Project Managers, who had established themselves in project management in spite of their gender sometimes express real feelings of intimidation as part of their early experiences when they stepped into this predominantly male discipline.
Discuss explanations of psychological androgyny and gender dysphoria Most boys develop a male gender identity and most girls develop a feminine gender identity. However this is not the case for all children. Androgyny refers to the coexistence of feminine and masculine characteristics in an individual. Bem argued against the traditional view that masculinity and femininity are two opposite ends of a single scale. She believed instead that an individual can show a mixture of feminine and masculine traits and that a balance of these characteristics is desirable and healthy within a personality.
Fashioning Selves Throughout this chapter, the author’s focuses heavily gender as a performance. Gender is constructed through one’s set of practices while one is trying to claim and establish an identity in a society. One’s ‘day to day actions’ is what morphs into a certain identity. Most importantly they point in the beginning of the chapter that ‘gender is not part of one’s essence.’ What was also captivating about this reading was the way in which they tied in linguistic and practice styles into gender as a performance. They explained that linguistic practices can be thought of as ‘constituting a conventional toolbox for constructing gender identities and relations’, (speech acts etc).
In order to understand Salamon's argument however it is first necessary to provide a clear analysis of Feinburg's theory. Feinburg argues that transgendered people have been historically subjected as invisible by a society that rejects gender difference. Through this observation, Feinburg suggests that theory has a key part in helping with the circulation of social change because it can steer action. With this in mind, Feinburg claims that the relation between history and theory are simple through the idea that gender can be explained through the social construction of languages. To illustrate this idea, Feinburg (2010) states, 'History is the record of past experience.
Although gender and sex have very similar meaning, generally they usually differ where majority relate reproductive traits to sex than gender. How do gender and sex contribute to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity? Gender and sex contributes to the concepts of masculinity and femininity on a basis to where contemporary America believes that male is to masculinity as female is to femininity and the truth of the matter is that you can’t judge a person to be a male or female based on whether they are feminine or masculine because both males and females carry traits that are masculine and traits that are feminine. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? Yes, I believe that our concepts on gender and sex contributes to the way that we embrace them in diversity because we tend to categorize certain aspects to what we feel a male/female should look like, sounds like, smell like, and act like and when someone doesn’t fit that we question their gender/sex instead of accepting them for who they are.
As the way of walking or speaking diverges in male and female, the expression and experience of emotions in different genders also diverges. Moreover, this divergence leads to a hegemonic male chauvinist discourse that classifies man as “unemotional” and woman as “emotional” which has significant effects on social life of both genders . Conceptions of male and female emotions are derived from a deeply influential binary opposition that women tend to be emotional by nature while men avoid expression of emotion which makes them unemotional. In ‘ “The Emotional Woman” and “The Unemotional Man” ‘ Debora Lupton contends that this gendered notion on the expression of emotions is both sourced from and effects the social status of males and females. Although it is acceptable that all individuals are capable of feeling emotions, during the history of western cultures it is perceived to be normal and appropriate for women to express emotions such as fear, sentimentality,grief while expression of emotions such as anger, aggressiveness or rage are less expected to be expressed by women.
Each approach derives from the fact that feminist social theorists were considered to be mainly concerned with gender equality and preoccupied with ensuring that women’s interests were not marginalised .Feminist theorists have continued to concentrate on the position of women in society and their research is generally based on the notion that women are regarded as under the control and authority of men. Current feminist such as Martineau and Wollstonecraft theorists have widened the scope of their work while still acknowledging these concepts as critical to their core. Historically, feminist theorists have challenged the masculine bias in supposedly objective knowledge, claiming that women were excluded within the social sciences with the result that the focus was on topics and institutions of concern more to men than to women and neglecting issues and concerns relevant to women(Hughes 2013).Both Martineau and Wollstonecraft felt that it was only by embracing the diversity of women’s experiences that knowledge would stop being what they described as ‘partial’. They argued also that social scientific knowledge about women must begin from the context of the gendered experience of the women being studied. Such an approach would encourage research into issues such as the traditional family and the possible
Giddens explains what glass ceiling is and how it influences women. Glass ceiling is a form of discrimination and “is a promotional barrier that prevents a woman’s upward mobility within an organization.” (Giddens 232) Basically, glass ceiling is simply a hurdle that prevents women from promoting. Glass ceiling does not simply include the promotional barrier, but different salaries for comparable work as well. Glass ceiling trends are more common in male-dominated fields. In many occasions, this barrier prevents women from
That is, gender is widely perceived as simply being a natural occurrence that happens at birth. Yet, studying gender as a social-economic driver rather than just a natural phenomenon, allows us to understand that there is more to gender than simply human nature. In reality gender is continually been re-created through” human interactions, and is the texture and order of social life”. In other words, we identify the differences between male and a female based on the behavior each one of these respective statuses constitutes in our social life. Personally, I define gender as a human production that depends on everyone constantly “doing” gender.
Gender roles continue to change as this is how individuals develop over a given period of time. Due to the negative role developed because of the assumption that an individual’s gender dictates his or her dominance in society, change must take place. The role of the media in portraying the gender aspects is important since the media makes the distinction as to what is presented and believed within society. Furthermore, the role played by the humans in a gender-mode is type of taboo since tends to develop harsh judgments and bitter that eventually becomes public perceptions. In contrast, gender roles that are being exploited in a negative fashion by the