Social Exclusion and Exploitation in Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable: a Subaltern Study

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‘The greatest national sin is the neglect of the masses and that is one of the causes of our downfall.'1 Thus spoke Swami Vivekananda about the unavoidable role of the masses in building a strong and united nation, concomitantly if they are neglected, no nation can flourish for the long run. This is what seen in India not only at the time of Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) but onwards too, and writers like Mulk Raj Anand (1905-2004) made it out and, therefore, stood to address a complex problem in the form of untouchability rampant in the Hindu society. In his realistic portrayal of the novel ‘Untouchable' (1935), Anand is concerned with the sufferings of the masses i.e. Shudra- sweepers and his wish to bring about social happiness in their lives and to register his protest against the evil in the social system of Hindus as well. As Anand himself accepts: From that time onwards my protest about the human predicament, under the empire and in the atmosphere of our own decay, often resulting from blind acceptance of bad habits and the taboos of the sage Manu and the Hadith tradition of Islam, became self-conscious…..In this way, I sensed the pain of life, which the more privileged took out of the weaker members of the flock.2 Though the novelist communicates about a particular community in the novel- subaltern Hindus, it is also implied to the rest of the world, where caste-based, class-based, racial and economic discrimination prevails. His awareness of social exclusion and exploitation of the lower dregs of the society reflect his wish for excluders and exploitators to mend their inhuman ways and to change their social behaviour. For that he uses fiction as a tool, as it is "not only a representation of social reality, but also a necessary functional part of social control, and also, paradoxically, an important element in social change."3 To pursue these notions of

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