For example, one psychologist may use descriptive psychopathology to which will strive to provide answers for symptoms or mental illness. Either way, psychopathology is formally used to study mental illness or the distresses which may be affecting an individual. The issues of the abnormal psychology will assist in the study by the way we would use it in the attempt to capture interest, trigger concerns, and demands our attention. It also brings us to form and ask certain questions pertaining to any study. Psychopathology is not the same as psychopathy, which has to do with antisocial
Hobson believes that because problems in our life are usually through interpersonal relationships, we should resolve these problems through a therapeutic relationship. The quality of the relationship is crucial for the effectiveness of the therapy. PIT consists of several interlinking components, of which include ‘explanatory rationale’ and ‘staying with feelings’. A potential strength of PIT is that it is just as effective if not more so than current treatments at improving depressive symptoms. Research support comes from Elkin, who found that when compared to CBT, PIT is just as effective at treating depression.
These biases interrelate and tend to perpetuate someone's depression. He also suggested errors in logic could be a reason for someone to behave abnormally. This concerns the way in which someone sees an event in the past, present or future. Examples of irrational thinking that both Ellis and Beck proposed are catastrophizing (wildly exaggerating the negative aspects of an event), polarized thinking (seeing everything in extreme terms), and overgeneralization (drawing conclusions based on a single event). This approach is supported by Burt et al who asked participants to recall a list of words.
When a person suffers with psychological distress the way in which they interpret situations can become skewed, which in turn has a negative impact on the actions they take. He named these cognitions "automatic thoughts" because he believed that people were not necessarily aware that the cognitions existed, but that they could identify these types of thoughts when questioned closely. Beck believed that pushing his clients to identify these automatic thoughts was integral to overcoming a particular difficulty (Westbrook et al, 2007). Beck was later influenced by Ellis in his work around Behavioural Therapy and the idea that people can overcome psychological issues by altering the way they perceive an experience and in turn use this to change their attitude and behaviour towards experiences which enable the person to have positive feelings instead of negative. Becks studies found that patients’ automatic thoughts fell into three categories, the patients had negative ideas about themselves, the world and/or the future and these thoughts could lead to anxiety and depression.
1.1. Using examples, evaluate the relevance of the following in the counselling process. * Stereotyping Stereotyping can lead to groups and individuals being categorised, which in turn may produce prejudiced beliefs. In the counselling relationship there is potential for stereotyping from client to counsellor and vice versa. A client who experiences a lifetime of racial stereotyping may bring any residual feelings to counselling (McLeod 2008).
While other therapies are being developed, tested and researched, (CBT) has evidence based research in being effective due to the flexibility of its interventions and the ease of adjustment to co-join other therapies to (CBT). According to research done by Leslie Swanson, cognitive behavior therapy techniques such as relaxation, restructuring, and re-scripting therapy aided in helping patients with PTSD to overcome insomnia, sleep disorders, and nightmares, which are common symptoms with PTSD (Swanson, 2009). More importantly, research identifies cognitive behavior therapy as a highly effective therapy to treat individuals who suffered from moderate depression (296.22) and have a dual diagnosis of substance abuse (Ruwaard, 2009, 215). (CBT) has also gained respect as a preferred therapy for helping those who abuse and are addicted to drugs. Kirby and Marlowe suggest that CBT has shown substantial gain in the field of substance abuse, due to its person centeredness and brief treatments.
Beck's approach became known for its effective treatment of depression. CBT works by focusing how you think about yourself, the world and other people - how what you do affects your thoughts and feelings. CBT can help you to change how you think (cognitive) and your actions (behaviour), it works in the here and now problems, and not the causes of your distress. CBT has been proven to work well with anxiety, depression, panic, phobias and post traumatic stress. CBT may use group sessions of therapy as can PCT, CBT helps you look at the problem as a whole but break it down into smaller more manageable parts.
Clients are validated for their experiences and feelings, but motivated to change behaviors. As in existential therapy, the client is encouraged to accept responsibility for his actions. DBT is now being applied to other disorders, such as substance abuse, eating disorders and PTSD (Sadock &Sadock,
Furthermore, it is the most used and popular of all the behavioural therapies for this reason. In addition, the technique makes more sense as it would be easier for the therapist to relax the client through a fear hierarchy rather than the flooding technique which might make the phobias worse rather than curing it. Lastly, systematic desensitisation is more likely to extinct the irrational fears as it builds on the confidence of the client when confronting the anxiety provoking situation. Bibliography Clark, R. (2004). The Classical Origins of Pavlov's Conditioning.
It brought funding to areas where the mentally ill could be helped. Of course there are cases where funding may have been mismanaged, abused, not used for its intended purposes, but overall the funding and implementation of this Bill has been excellent. I’m not sure if the funding goes far enough though, because once the individual is released from the legal system, what happens then? I guess that’s the role of the social worker to make sure these individuals get the care they need once they’re back into society. The program or study that I mentioned above about the specialty agencies can be a great place to start.