Slum Upgrading in Kenya

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INTRODUCTION Kenya is facing an increasing growth of informal settlements in her urban centers. As rapid urbanization takes its toll, so has the development and growth of slums. More than 34% of Kenya’s total population lives in urban areas and of this, more than 71% is confined in informal settlements. This number will continue to increase unless a serious and concerted action by all relevant stakeholders is undertaken. Slums in Nairobi have existed since the cities inception, the government has failed to respond to the flight of slums dwellers accordingly even after being classified as illegal. Life is very difficult to approximately 1.5 million people in Nairobi informal settlements. The residents in these areas live under deplorable conditions with lack of the most basic needs and social amenities and face multi-dimensional challenges which require multi-dimensional interventions such as clean water supply and improved sanitation, energy, solid waste management, housing, schools, and hospitals (Huchzermeyer, 2008).). Kibera is one of the Kenya’s largest slum and in fact the second in Africa. It is a densely populated area, with 2006 statistics showing kibera having a population of 3000 peoples per hectare. This then implies that, thousands of people are crowded in a one and a half square miles area with no toilets, no clean water, no drainage, and no decent housing. They are forced to live in a makeshift structure built of plastic and grey weather-bitten corrugated iron sheets that are susceptible both to the usually cool Nairobi weather and to the vagaries of rain and dust (Karari, 2009). The residents of kibera include a large number of Sudanese Nubians who had fought in the colonial’s king’s African riffles and who were settled there by the British government after world war one. “flying toilets” which is adopted in the area, has led to increased water

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