Although personal slavery existed as a cultural mechanism, its use was never as intensive as chattel slavery in the New World. Slavery in Africa was much different from the slavery in the New World. Slaves were acquired through warfare, indebtedness and punishment for a crime and had been treated like a part of the family and were integrated into the large society in Africa and the Ottoman Empire. In contrast, slaves had been bought by European and shipped to the New Word like property. Slave trade in Africa in existence for centuries was a key factor of European expansion and had
In Sparks’s writing, the Robin Johns’ story allows us "to translate those statistics (of the slave trade) into people" (5). The Robin Johns’ enslavement and liberation resulted from their active roles as slave traders at the West African region of Old Calabar. Ephraim Robin John and Ancona Robin John were members of the elite Efik slave traders of Old Calabar and participated in the Ekpe secret society that governed the commercial relations with Atlantic traders. As Old Calabar grew from a small town in the late seventeenth century to one of the most important slave trading regions of the eighteenth century, Efik traders such as the Robin Johns came to
The objective of the second portfolio piece is for you to provide a 450- Slavery was a central feature of the early modern Atlantic World. In his article, ‘The Cultural Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade’, Philip D. Morgan explores the ways in which the forced migration of people from Africa led to the creation of mixed, heterogeneous cultures within the Americas. 550 word summary of Morgan’s argument. Philip Morgan’s analysis of the slave trade attempts to scrutinise the effect of the slave trade not exclusively on the countries to which the slaves were sent, but rather the sub-societies which the slaves were within, and exactly how heterogeneous or homogeneous they actually were with their forcibly adopted nations. The examination does not broadly exam all slaves or countries as one entity, instead studying each individual one in order to see the complexity of the transatlantic slave trade, and therefore a fully accurate broad conclusion may not be reached.
The trade wars between Old Calabar and New Calabar exemplified the best and the worst characteristics of capitalism. In 1767, the Efiks of New Town allied with the English to ambush the Efiks Of Old Town, turning the trade competition into a violent clash. The result of this was ambush was the kidnapping of the two Robin John brothers. The Robin Johns were able to apply their skills and knowledge of their English language, culture and legal system to not only survive the dreaded middle passage but to exploit the freshly decided 1772 Somerset case in order to obtain their freedom. Sparks writes, “ Here we have the remarkable case of African slaves arguing to the Lord Chief Justice of England that their enslavement violated the rules governing the Efik trade and English law as well” (101).
Europeans made slave trade acceptable by saying that is was already practiced in the continent and they were not the first. 2. Chattel slavery is where people are considered things or property and have all rights stripped. 3. African society’s adapted slave trade as it was one of the only ways people other than the ruler could gain power and
Ch.4 Sec 1: Slavery and Empire -Mercantilism realized: the triangular trade. -West Africa had become a thriving slave industry since the Portuguese had arrived while going to the West coast. Most slaves went to other destinations, like South America( Brazil), Caribbean and then some to the Americas. Very little of them went straight to North America. *The Ordeal of the Slave* -A state of perpetual terror: 1) first caught from her/ his tribe by the Europeans or another tribe.
The Middle Passage The middle passage was when African Americans were forced to go from the West Coast of Africa to the Caribbean’s where they were marketed, and sold for profit to the plantations owners. This journey was listed as the “Middle Passage” because it was considered the middle leg of the trading triangles, and this was constructed in the early stages of the colonial period. The Middle Passage started from even before 1619 an it was the arrival of the very first African slaves in British Northern America. However, as it developed it was initially amongst Portuguese and the West African mariners in the latter part of the fifteenth century. The Africans were taken or for better word use they were kidnapped by the Europeans and, by other Africans mostly for trading spoils of
De’Ja Moore African-American Slave Trade 25 January 2012 11:00-11:50 De’ja Moore The African slave trade was made to dehumanize and demeaned the black man but I can’t figure out why people believe it was so harsh. Although I may have not been able to live in such harsh conditions but at the same this slave trade makes me who I am today. Although I don’t know where from, I am a decedent of an African slave that was once in slavery. I do believe that slavery was harsh and unimaginable but why should we only focus on the negative. The Europeans must had felt some type of superior to the Africans because why else would you want to dehumanize a person.
And then who are Africans? Who can measure the amount of Anglo-Saxon blood coursing in the veins of American slaves” (Jacobs 47)? It was often hard to distinguish between the two races because of the amount of interracial interactions between slaves and their masters. Linda struggles with encompassing an emotional freedom from racial inequality and injustice. Her determination and willingness to abolish slavery essentially drove her to publicize her private story in hopes of creating awareness regarding the issue of
To conclude, the Middle Passage is clearly the roots of the slavery that occurred in the United States. Learning about the Middle Passage, gives us a better understanding of the long journey that the slaves endured. How being treated as cargo made them less superior and the torture and living conditions were unimaginable. Hopefully we can end the road, which racism has paved in this country. But more importantly, that no other human being should ever have to go through what the African slaves