Beth – Bone Biology Terms for Paleopathology HEMATOPOIESIS- the normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow. In severe anemia and other hematologic disorders, cells may be produced in organs outside the marrow (extramedullary hematopoiesis). See also erythropoiesis. DIAPHYSIS- 1. the shaft of a long bone, between the epiphyses. 2. the portion of a long bone formed from a primary center of ossification.
3. Describe the location, composition, and, function of the epiphyseal plate. c. Location- shoulder, hips d. Composition- hyaline cartilage e. Function- bone growth 4. Which kind of bone marrow is in spongy bone tissue? f. Red marrow is the type of bone marrow found in spongy tissue.
In the periosteum it surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage, it is a sheath of dense irregular connective tissue containing osteoblasts, it functions to protect the bone, assists in fracture repair, nourishes bone tissue, and serves as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons. 4- Which kind of bone marrow is in spongy bone tissue? Red bone marrow is the type of marrow found in spongy bone tissue. 5- Which ossification method would form a femur? Endochondrial ossification would form the femur.
Essay shows the importance of bones in human body and their main role, tasks they accomplish every day. Skeletal function Six functions of the skeleton: Support: Provides structural support for the entire body Protection: Surrounds soft tissue- ex. ribs and sternum protect the heart and lungs, - skull protects the brain Movement: Skeletal muscle is attached to bone so it pulls on the bone when it contracts Mineral homeostasis: Stores calcium and phosphorus--minerals are released into the blood when needed Blood cell production: Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and other blood elements. Storage: Storage of minerals and lipids (fats)-yellow marrow stores fat-(found in long bones) Bone. Definition: Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates.
5. Which ossification method would form a femur? The femur, which is a long bone, is formed by endochondral ossification which is the replacement of cartilage by osseous tissue. Most bones of the body are formed by this process. 6.
also called voluntary muscles, are the muscles that attach to bones that we consciously move. 50 Striations-alternating light and dark bands recognizable on skeletal muscles 51 Muscle Sense-the brain's ability to sense where the muscles are and what they are performing during movement 52 Stretch Receptors-work in conjunction with the sensory receptors, also referred to as proprioceptors. Senses the changes in the length of a muscle as it stretches. 53 Origin-end of the skeletal muscle attached to the immovable part of the bone 54 Insertion-end of the muscle attached to the movable part of the bone 55 Prime Mover-a muscle that does most of the work during movement 56 Synergist-muscles that contract and assist the prime mover 57 Antagonists-muscles that resist the prime mover's action and work to cause action in the opposite direction 58 Tendons-composed of parallel fibers kept together by a connective tissue sheath 59 Myosin-thick filament that makes up approximately one half of the proteins that occur in muscle
9. How many bones make up the upper limb? The 30 bones of each upper limb include a humerus in the man, an ulna and radius in the forearm; 8 carpels in the wrist; 5 metacarpals in the palm; and 14 phalanges in the fingers. 10. Which part or parts of the femur
-tendons attach muscles to the bones - cartilage protects bones within joints. - synovial fluid: acts as lubricant - synovial membrane: secretes synovial fluid - ligament: joins bone to bone and is strong and flexible - muscle - fibrous capsule: encloses joints - pad of cartilage: gives additional protection - cartilage: absorbs synovial fluid and acts as shock absorber - bone - tendon: joins muscle to bone At a joint there is: Joints and movement continued 2 of 60 1 of 60 How do muscles work? - muscle is made up of bundles of muscle fibres, each fibre is a single muscle cell - each muscle cell is multinucleate (has more than one nucleus) this is because a single nucleus could not effectively control the metabolism of such a long cell. - Tendons connect muscle to bone - the muscle is made up of bundles of muscle fibres. these are bound together by connective tissue.
Module 06 Case Study: Articulations and Nerve Tissue Part I— “Jill” Questions 1. What is the difference between a tendon and ligament? (1 point) Tendons bind muscle to bone, and ligaments bind bone to bone. A sprain is an extended and/or torn ligament, the band of connective tissue that connects the end of one bone with another bone. Ligaments support and stabalize the an individuals joints.
What is the path a nutrient would travel through compact bone tissue from its diffusion out of a blood vessel in the periosteum to an osteocyte located within the second osteon in from the surface of the bone? a. Nutrients travel through a nutrient artery, which enters through a nutrient forameth. This nutrient forameth enters from the center of the diaphysis and travels to the medullary cavity, splitting into a proximal and distal branch that supplies the inner part of the compact bone tissue, spongy bone tissue and red bone marrow; as far as the epiphyseal plate. The nutrient artery exits in the diaphysis. 3.