Examination of Simple, Negative, Gram, and Endospore Staining Microbiology – 20122 (A16) Abstract The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to identify a variety of bacterium using various types of staining. We worked with five different types of bacteria and used four different types of staining. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells and are composed of different structures and appendages that can be identified by using specific staining techniques. An important construct of staining is its ability to create a contrast between the bacteria and the surrounding medium. We were able to able to identify the diverse structures through the various staining techniques throughout the laboratory experiment.
The tests performed on the unknown bacteria culture were all used to determine and identify the bacteria. Each of the tests performed provided some key information about the bacteria in question and how it functions. Even though I performed, all the tests listed above I will only be detailing a few that I used as determinants according to my dichotomous key. The oxidase test was used to test for the presence of cytochrome oxidase. The unknown bacteria was taken from the NA agar slant and placed on an oxidase strip in a drop of distilled water.
Alpha hemolysis 3. Streptococcus pneumoniae are Gram-positive, lancet-shaped cocci (elongated cocci with a ... sensitive to bacitracin than other beta hemolytic streptococci. 4. the swelling of the capsule surrounding a microorganism after reaction with an antibody; the basis of certain tests for identifying microorganisms; "pneumococcus quellung" 5. capsules provide protection from viruses. they can be slippery to defend themselves from being eaten. Protects the bacteria from phagocytosis allowing the bacteria to stay in the body 6. pure culture 7.
This technique is highly used on DNA, RNA, and proteins. This technique is all taken place in a gel electrophoresis chamber. The chamber includes a buffer solution, an Agarose gel, a cathode end, and an anode end. The cathode end of the chamber is negatively charged and will attract molecules that have a positive charge, while the anode end is positively charged and will attract molecules that are negatively charged. The buffer solution is used to keep the pH of the experiment at a constant number while carrying ions that are essential to hold a current.
What kinds of clinical specimens may yield a mixed flora in bacterial cultures? Oral, Skin, or GI specimens 5. When more than one colony type appears in pure culture, what are the most likely sources of extraneous contamination? Individual colonies can be picked up on the inoculating loop, or straight wire and inoculated in to the fresh agar or brother media References Cowan, M. K. (2012). MICROBIOLOGY: A SYSTEMS APPROACH, THIRD EDITION.
Conclusion In conclusion, after learning to make a cheek cell slide and viewing both the cheek cells and the fish cells in the microscope, I could identify the stages of mitosis. I was also able to identify the different parts of a microscope and use the microscope with
6. Wash, dry and observe under oil immersion lens. Differential stains render one type of microbe one colour and other types of microbes another colour. In the Gram stain, Gram positive organisms retain the primary dye complex (crystal violet-iodine) whereas Gram negative cells loose the primary dye complex during the challenge rinse. Most differential stains have a challenge step that follows staining with a primary dye.
The role of microbes in human health and disease Key terms: Specific | It’s only matched by one other thing | Neutrophils | They are quick and respond to inflammation. They engulf and digest bacterial pathogens | Macrophages | They engulf and digest ‘debris’ | Complement proteins | They make pathogen membranes porous | Lymphocytes | Receptor binding sites | Susceptibility | Lack of resistance or vulnerability to disease | Resistance | The ability to ward off disease through the various defence mechanisms | Eosinophils | A white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by eosin | Phagocytes | A type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles | Basophil | A basophilic white blood cell | Normal flora is the bacteria which are found on our body on a semi- permanent basis without causing disease. Normal flora is especially important in the large intestine. They are also found in the nose, mouth, on skin and down the throat. The roles of normal flora are to produce compounds which kill other bacteria.
Purpose: The lab exercises will allow you to experience the techniques used to investigate basic cell structure, observe differences between generalized and specialized plant, animal and protozoan cells, and to increase your observation skills. Procedure: Part 1 1.Use the onionskin given to you by the teacher and place a drop of iodine onto the onionskin. 2. Then place the skin under the microscope and observe. 3.
HOW BACTERIA GROWS Microbiology Lab Report Dr.Okalate October 17, 2011 Introduction: Bacteria were first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenkoek in 1676, using a microscope with his own technical design. During the 1600’s the technology of microscopes were not as advance as they are in the present so his findings were not accurate of much but he could tell this was a different type of cell that carried a disease or was harmful. Bacteria are large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms and their length is typically a few micrometers in size. They have a variety of shapes from rods to spirals, bacteria is present on most of the Earth’s habitat, everywhere you look, go, see there is bacteria. That’s why it’s so important to wash your hands or use hand sanitizer, it grows in numerous places.