Each culture differs from the other cultures in the way it reacts with the new scientific discoveries and inventions, depending on it’s own values and beliefs. Some people think of embryo research as a solution to many medical diseases, and that’s true for the patients’ benefit. However, what about the fate of the embryos which the doctor used for research and then got rid of after? Sometimes doctors or patients’ families consider hiding the health information from the patient as an acceptable option for the patients’ own interest to avoid emotional harm. Although, what about the patients’ right to know their health conditions?
It could be chronic and is caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery and limitation of blood supply to part of the muscle. It also could be acute, which is the result from plaque suddenly rupturing. The inner wall of an artery is damaged. Some fatty deposits or plaques made up of cholesterol and other cellular waste products will accumulate at a site of injury in a process called atherosclerosis, the hardening of arteries. If the surface of the plaques break or rupture, blood cells, called platelets will clump or clot at that site to try and repair the artery.
Risks and Causes When it comes down to it the cause of this disease, doctors still continue to debate. However there are a few possible theories as to why some children are born with fused limbs. They vary from: •Any kind of major illness suffered by the expecting mother or the fetus during pregnancy •Any kind of physical or mental stress on the expecting mother •Excessive exposure to radiation as one of the most likely causes. They claim that excessive radiation could lead to genetic mutational changes, which could cause fusion of the legs of the developing fetus •Inherited genetic disorders, either due to genes from the father or the mother •Inadequate prenatal care by the expecting mother •Strong link with maternal diabetes (22% of children born with this disease will be born to a diabetic mother) In addition, this syndrome goes hand in hand with other life-threatening problems. Such as failed kidneys and internal and external genitalia, which causes the large intestine to misplace itself inside the abdomen of the child.
With voluntary muscle action progressively affected. Patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed. Having shown that there is local and systemic alteration in the immune system in ALS, it is necessary to determine if this primary or secondary, and whether it is harmful or beneficial. The immune and inflammatory changes in ALS could be primary and part of the cause of the disease. Alternatively neuroinflammation and T cell infiltration could also be secondary to the tissue damage that occurs in ALS, as it is in other nervous system injury.
The main ethical issue is that many people, due to their religion or personal opinion believe that destroying human embryos is a form of murder. However many other people believe it is furthering our knowledge of science. I personally believe that scientific research is very important to our everyday lives, as it brings us new understandings and knowledge on how the world works. Although the opposite opinion of my own is very hard to justify as it is considered unnatural and wrong, I believe that the benefits for curing diseases and repairing important parts of the body, out way the negatives. Scientists have also begun looking at adult specialised cells, and figuring out how to make them unspecialised again so this ethical problem won’t be an issue anymore.
Antibiotics are given before and after the procedure to avoid fetal infection. Amniocentesis is useful in diagnosing many genetic disorders before the baby is born. In families with genetic diseases or for a mother with previously born child affected by some genetic condition, the test is useful to confirm or to assess the risk of recurrence. Triple test is a test where markers in the blood are tested for Down syndrome, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. This test does not confirm the diagnosis of these syndromes but tells us about the
White blood cells or leukocytes, are a part of the immune system and help our bodies fight infection. They circulate in the blood so that they can be transported to an area where an infection has developed. In a normal adult body there are 4,000 to 10,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood. When the number of white blood cells in your blood increases, this is a sign of an infection somewhere in your body. Most white blood cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes) are formed in the bone marrow.
The Awareness of Sickle Cell and Beta Thalassemia Sickle Cell is an inherited blood disorder that affects hemoglobin in red blood cells. The hemoglobin in people with sickle cell is abnormal (Borgna-Pignatti 101). In order to have sickle cell disease, a person must inherit the disease from both parents. When the red blood cells sickle, they block blood flow throughout blood vessels. Blocked blood flow can cause damage to organs, pain attacks, or death.
It boasts of the best hospitals, research institutions and competent and highly skilled personnel in the world, yet it is among the countries that perform poorly amongst industrialized nations in terms of long-term care. Its healthcare system is inefficient, bureaucratic, and divided. This has been contributed by misconceptions across the American population concerning healthcare issues (Malhotra, 2010). Some of these are: U.S. has the best healthcare system globally; healthcare rationing is impossible in America; many migrants are in the United States because of healthcare; immigrants are the cause of rising healthcare costs and socialized medicine is not
Fanconi’s anemia and sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia is classified as an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. This implies that for this disease to take placewithin any individual, it is necessary that the person needs to be a homozygous recessive for it. The disease takes place among children at the time of their birth allowing their red blood cells to become sickle shaped which has a direct affect upon the transport of oxygen and hemoglobin on their bodies. It is also important to mention here that the incidence of sickle cell anemia is highly prevalent in countries where malaria is an epidemic. This is so because malaria itself increases the susceptibility of an individual towards sickle cell anemia.However, along with this there is also an interesting dimensionthat needs to be highlighted when we are discussing the different dynamics and dimensions of this disorder.