To perform this experiment, we will utilize emission spectra, titrations, and thermal gravimetric analysis, using knowledge from Experiments 10, 4, Titrations of Na2CO3 and NAHCO3 by HCl (hydrochloric acid) will be performed to determine the concentration of HCl, as well as the number of moles of HCl present within the sample of baking soda. As a result, we will be able to determine the molar concentration of HCl by determining its equivalence point (the point on the graph where the exact amount of rectant needed to perform a reaction has been added) from graphical analysis. Na2CO3(aq.) + HCl(aq.) ==> NaHCO3(aq.)
Separation of a Mixture of Solids I. Purpose: To learn how to separate a mixture of different solids, and using certain laboratory techniques. Such as, the burner, filtration system, etc. II. Procedure: Weigh out the mixture, and then use different techniques to separate them from each other.
Introduction A titration was carried out in this experiment to find the concentration of hydrochloric acid is an unknown solution. The aim of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of sodium hydroxide in hydrochloric acid and then to determine the number of moles of sodium hydroxide present in gastric juices. Titration, or volumetric analysis, is a common laboratory procedure for the analysis of substances and solutions. In a titration, the analyst determines the volume of a solution, called a titrant, that reacts exactly with a known weight or volume of another substance. This reaction is carried out by adding a solution of reactant hydrochloric acid from a burette to a solution of sodium hydroxide until just sufficient of hydrochloric acid has been added to react with all of the sodium hydroxide.
Carefully determine the mass of the Copper(II) Sulfate, crucible, and lid. 8. Obtain the accepted percent (by mass) composition of water. Pre-Lab Questions 1. Hydrates are crystal solids and water.
Title: Separating the Components of a Ternary Mixture Abstract: This experiment demonstrates how to separate the components in a ternary mixture via five methods, four physical and one chemical. The four physical methods are gravity filtration, evaporation, decantation and extraction; while the chemical method is by selective reaction. The components of this mixture are SiO2 (s), NaCl (s) and CaCO3 (s). Via filtration with the filtrate water the residues were NaCl(aq), SiO2 (s) and CaCO3 (s). The subsequent evaporation of the of the water from NaCl(aq) resulted in NaCl (s) which was cooled to room temperature and then weighed.
Thin Layer Chromatography Introduction (Adapted from Mohrig, 1st ed., pp. 151-162.) Chromatography is a sophisticated method of separating mixtures of two or more compounds. The separation is accomplished by the distribution of the mixture between two phases: one that is stationary and one that is moving. Chromatography works on the principle that different compounds will have different solubilities and adsorption to the two phases between which they are to be partitioned.
Using a thin-layer chromatography, or TLC, the position in which molecules stop advancing upwards could be observed. By applying the TLC method to this experiment, different traveling distances of a certain chemical, with changing salt concentrations of water, can be measured. In this investigation, however, sheets of tissue papers were dipped into salt water with different concentrations and soaked until the water traveled to the top, so the method was different from the TLC experiment. Consequently, the volume of liquid absorbed will likely not change with different salt concentrations since every time the paper will be dipped into the solution until it completely absorbed water, each time in the same manner. Moreover, the mass of solution absorbed will increase because the density of the solution increases with increasing concentration.
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF BENZOIC ACID J Wright Organic Chem Lab 1 Tuesday 1:40-5 Ian Stubbs LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF BENZOIC ACID PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment was to extract benzoic acid from an aqueous of benzoic acid using methylene chloride, use liquid-liquid extraction to calculate the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid and to determine whether a single extraction or multiple extractions are more efficient. Add in the table of physical constants. See the attachment for the lab format. PROCEDURE: Gather a two stock solution that includes; 0.02M of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution and 0.02M of benzoic acid aqueous solution. For a single extraction, use a 50mL graduated cylinder and measure out 50mL of the benzoic acid solution into a 125mL separatory funnel.
The hunter process follows the same steps as the Kroll process except for the fact that sodium is added to the vessel and therefore, NaCl is the salt that is entrapped in the pores of the sponge formed. The chemical equation for the hunter process is as
Then you will fill a BURETTE with sodium hydroxide (a base) that has a known concentration. Because all the reactants and products in this reaction are colourless, an INDICATOR DYE is added to the sulphuric acid to let us know when all the acid present has been EXACTLY NEUTRALIZED by adding base. Finally, the sodium hydroxide in the burette is added to the acid/indicator solution until the indicator changes colour. (An indicator dye is a chemical that has a different colour in an acid and a base.) PROCEDURE 1.