Existentialism is all about responsibility. Man must be responsible because the universe is indifferent, meaning it does not care if man is here. Life goes on. Meursault seems like the universe in part one. He is indifferent, he could care less.
He sees the world as the be all and end all, there is no other world in which to escape to. No heaven or hell to hold him accountable for his actions on Earth, giving him a freedom Christians do not have. The teachings of Christ implore we humans to be charitable, to do un to others as you would have them do unto you. Nietzsche Übermensch sees charity as an unproductive activity, not providing any enhancement to his aims, and as such, not worth doing. Having said the Übermensch is solitary and aloof, this also brings into question human nature.
Unlike Mencius, Hsun Tzu believed that all humans were born evil. Hsun Tzu also believed man was born with the nature to want to be profitable. If man indulged in this they would never earn the chance to be good. Both men had very different perspectives, but I do not agree with either of them. Man is not born good or evil.
Locke stated that people were naturally good but Thomas Hobbes had a negative view towards human nature. Hobbes sees man as being evil. In his principal work, ‘Leviathan’ Hobbes believes that, “people are innately selfish and grasping.” Hobbes believes that ethical concepts such as good or bad or ideas of good or evil doesn’t exist in the state of nature. He thinks that mankind can use any power essential to protect him and his surrounding for good. Hobbes named this condition as ‘war’ which also meant that every man is enemy to every man.
Chaos and savagery come as a result of men trying to find pleasure without making sacrifices. Order are situations in which humans are forced to suppress their instincts and follow rules to attain their goals. 4D. The subject ive chosen is sort of a broad idea that can be grasped by looking deeper into the idea. By looking at the fact that Golding is trying to explain that all humans are evil can tie into the Chaos on the island.
Thomas Hobbs -view on human nature -what kind of state should we have (government) - views on freedoms and liberties View on human nature Materialist view on the world Hobbes assumes that, without strong, centralised authority human beings will perpetually be at war with each other where “every man is Enemy to every man.” " The natural state of man's life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short". The only reason we form a society (the "social contract") and agree not to harm the other person is to protect ourselves from being harmed by other people. Without government, Hobbes says, life would be "solitary, nasty, brutish, and short." From this, it follows that we are not essentially ethical or "good" people. For Hobbes, ethics is only something that comes with politics, and politics is rooted in selfishness and the desire for self-preservation.
Therefore, if society were to embrace utilitarianism as an ethic, people would naturally internalize these standards as morally binding. Mill argues that happiness is the sole basis of morality, and that people never desire
Superson’s goal is to defeat the skeptic and does not believe self-interest is sufficient enough to do so. I understand the approach Superson is making about self-interest but I don’t think she is looking at all aspects of the topic. I think people will always act in self-interested ways regardless of the circumstances; people act according to their dispositions, not by force, unless they are being coerced of course. It is human nature to instinctively maximize our personal utility. We act in ways that we see fit, whether or not an act is considered moral is completely dependent upon the individual.
This is because Transcendentalists believe the only way to find peace is by being self- reliant. This opinion is repeated in Thoreau’s, “Civil Disobedience Part 1”: “All machines have their friction; and possibly this does enough good to counterbalance the evil… I say, let us not have such a machine any longer” (4). The “friction” Thoreau talks of represents the lack of self-manning that becomes present in society when machines are brought in. This would be an important issue to Transcendentalists as self-manning is key to living life. When the author voices his
The worlds where there are characters that help readers examine the world of Altruism and Egoism. Altruism is the philosophy of finding principles in living for others or for society. Ayn Rand makes a list of different characters that surrounds a man’s ego creating The Fountainhead. Ayn Rand creates the individualistic power in a society and also creates another side that believes in selflessness. The character Peter Keating embodies altruism and only feels he shouldn’t exist for his own sake but the services that he receives from others reason for existing is for fame and approval for others.