(Katz & Chard, 2000, p. 2)” The two essential elements of the project approach are “child-centered activities” and “social reconstruction”. Child-centered is means that enables children to follow their interests and fascinations. That is spontaneous learning method that they can learn about practical information and a theoretical framework through the process of developing a project in group. This learning-method leading developmental objectives: physical, cognitive and language, affective and social and aesthetic development (Guide to the Pre-primary Curriculum,2006, p.17). Phases 1: Beginning a project Children are leading learners but no only received information.
Attachment can form at any age but early attachments are formed through being sociable from birth, this happens through interactions with people from the moment they are born. An example of a social interaction that can later contribute to the child forming a bond is face recognition. This is being able to recognise familiar faces and therefore can be the start of a bond. If early attachment is made with another person, for example this may be the main carer, then the child is likely to go on to strengthen that bond until firm attachments are made. Attachment allows the child to learn trust and feel secure with the person they are bonding with, this is important in how they form relationships with others.
These include safety, where the child will feel safe in their attachment to their mother but separation will lead to anxiety. Also it is seen as a safe base for the infant as they feel they have a safe place to return to. This also leads onto the independent working model, which based on freuds idea of the mother and child relationship, bowlbys believes that the first attachment forms a relationship template that allows the child to understand a relationship and the future be able to form a comfortable relationship they and familiar of. This relates to bowlbys continuity hypothesis, where the internal working model ensures that attachments will be reflected in relationships in the persons later life. For example if a child has insecure attachments as a child, this would lead to be shown in difficulties with later relationships.
Targets can be set to meet more holistic objectives, such as the development of independence skills. o Targets for children and young people/young people who have statements should relate to the objectives on the statement. o List individual targets in this section o Remember that targets should be SMART; Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant Time Bound o Parents should always be involved in the targets that have been set and be informed of the action school is going to take and any help they can give them at home. o Children and young people and young people should contribute to the targets that are set. • Teaching assistants (TA’s) and learning support assistant (LSA’s) can
Family system theory it explains why family act the way that they do in different situations. This theory is typically used in family counseling and therapy; much can be learned from examining it in the context of early childhood settings. Family systems theory has been used in trying to understand problems of students in school settings (Sawatzky, Eckert, & Ryan 1993; Widerman & Widerman 1995; Kraus 1998; Van Velsor & Cox 2000). The need to understand early childhood setting is indicates by professional organization so they can prepare early childhood and elementary professional. The concept of family theory is to help each member of the family by influencing and encouraging each other.
I will also discuss what life story work is and how life story work can be beneficial in developing a child’s understanding a sense of self. The importance life experiences have on a child’s attachments and what is meant by attachments and how they form and vary. The importance of the care workers role in all of these points will also be discussed and how they can support children to develop a sense of self. It’s important to understand what is meant by identity. Identity can be seen superficially as a name or a date of birth of an individual, a sense of formally providing evidence of who you are.
Attachment, Bonding and Temperament There are three important stages in child development that we need to learn and implement in early childhood. These three stages are bonding, attachment and temperament. The first is attachment. Attachment is an emotional bond to another person. It is a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings as described by a psychologist named John Bowlby.
Furthermore, Vygotsky’s socioeconomic model is discussed, with emphasis on the role of language and the cognitive influence of parent-child tutoring interactions and more specifically scaffolding tutoring. Similarities and differences between the two central concepts are also a subject of discussion. Finally, some evidence for the impact of peer-to-peer relationships in toddlers is presented. Based on the existing literature the thesis of this essay is that intra and interpersonal processes are both influential when it comes to forming children’s social and cognitive skills. One of the fundamental theories in the field of social and cognitive development is that of the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980).
Parents might want to consider teaching their children about autonomous motivation which promotes greater conceptual understanding, better grades, enhanced persistence at school and in sporting activities, higher productivity, less burnout, and greater levels of psychological well-being. Parents can still rely on teaching their children the same cultural morels as they were taught growing up, but they should highly consider learning new ways to adapt autonomy to their children’s lives. In order for this change to work, parents need to add autonomy more in their parenting yet, keeping the values they think is best for their child. Autonomy for children is a growing
When the care-giver responds with sensitivity and with a fast reaction, the child will form a sense of trust and security. This bond is formed in the first year of life because this is when an infant needs to be nurtured to ensure that they have a “secure base.” (Ainsworth 1969) It is important to have this foundation as it will help the child’s relationships in the future. By having a secure attachment to the care-giver, which does not necessarily have to be the child’s biological mother, they now have an experience of social and emotional behaviour of which they can use in future relationships or to use towards others. He/she also now has a “stable work model” (MCSA Module, 2013) to know how to work of deal with and to know for regards to themselves. This will also insure independency later in life.