Scientific Whaling In The Southern Pacific Ocean,

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Scientific Whaling in the Southern Pacific Ocean, Effects on the Environment and Legislation. Introduction Whales have inhabited the earth’s oceans for millions of years and are a vital part of the ocean’s ecosystem. Since the 1600s, whales have been hunted out of the seas and no species has fully recovered. They also contend with pollution, climate change, ozone layer loss, overfishing, vessel traffic, noise and entanglement in fishing gear. Whales are mammals that live for a long time and breed slowly. Every year or so, a female gives birth to a single calf that takes many years to mature and begin its own breeding cycle. With this slow life cycle, mass commercial whaling can easily lead to extinction (Greenpeace). The commercial whaling industry had existed for many centuries in other oceans before whalers moved into the Southern Ocean. In the beginning of the 20th century whalers began to exploit the herds of southern whales. With an industrialized approach to whaling in place the numbers of species began to rapidly deplete - some whale species had been reduced by more than 95%- , until some species such as Right, Blue and Humpback had been almost wiped out. In 1986 the International Whaling Commission (IWC) – which has over 70 member countries around the world, and has the purpose to provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry - banned all commercial whaling through a moratorium, but since then, three nations - Iceland, Norway, and Japan - have brutally slaughtered over 25,000 whales under the guise of ‘scientific research’ and for commercial purposes (Sea Shepherd). The Japanese invented the concept of 'scientific' whaling in 1987 as a way round the moratorium on commercial whaling instituted by the International

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