Five factor trait theory, and 3. Temperament model of personality can be adapted to account for variations in the personal, societal, and cultural factors discussed in this paper. How does the gene-environment interaction influence personality? A person’s genetic make-up in combination with a person’s environment form an individuals personality by interacting with each other. Abnormal or radical behavior could therefore “be explained by hereditary factors in combination with poor environmental conditions” (Oreland, Leppert, Hallman, Lindström, Nilsson, K., Sjöberg, R., …Öhrvik, J., 2006).
By going into further detail of these perspectives, I will be able to assess their contribution to our comprehension of human behaviour; using research studies to give basis to my arguments. The two perspectives I have chosen to cover are the biological and social learning perspectives. The Biological Perspective The biological perspective concentrates on the human body, and proposes physical factors as the driving force in behaviour. This means that mental illnesses are regarded as just that; illnesses, and that they are caused by a change in the body just like any other illness or disease. Biological psychologists believe that the key aspects of neuroanatomy, biochemistry and genetics are crucial in our understanding of human behaviour.
Personality psychologists claimed that one of the most profound challenges is to account for personality development, that’s why they put this into a study whether an individual’s behavior are caused by heredity or the environment, this study is known as the “nature” and “nurture”. First, the nature suggests that human behavior is driven mostly by biology (evolution, genetics, brain chemistry, and hormones). In contrast, the nurture suggests that behavior is driven mostly by psychosocial environment (for example, how we were raised, our peers, the situations we are in at present). Both nature and nurture contribute to who an individual is, but to better comprehend the nature versus nurture debate, we should look at the essential characteristics that make up this controversy. Humans are unique and highly-intricate creatures.
Foundations of Psychology PSY/ 300 9/15/2014 In today’s society, there are many foundations of psychology. The major schools of psychology are Functionalism, structuralism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, humanistic, and cognitive Psychology. In this paper, I will examine the many different factors that help play crucial roles in the lives of human beings through culture and biology. The first known school of thought in psychology is structuralism. According to our text, psychology sixth addition Titchener (1867-1927) describes structuralism as an attempt to use introspection as a method for uncovering the basin elements of consciousness and the way they combine with each other into ideas (Kawaiski
The strength of this method is that all variables can be controlled, but, the problem is that experimental research may suffer artificiality. Today however researchers use a variety of methods including case studies. Neuroscientists can now study which brain areas are active when people make decisions, and how cognitive processes can be disrupted. The third principle states that cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors this idea was first introduced by the British psychologist named Bartlett who constructed the term schema. Schema is defined as a mental representation of knowledge; it’s an internal depiction of the world.
In our matrix we will discuss Allport’s psychology of the individual theory, and the trait and factor theory. Both theories express how personality can change personalities and, the different associations that we have over time. Allport’s theory, psychology of the individual, sees human personality different from psychoanalytical and behavioral views. Allport believed that individual’s personality and behavior were not only determined by experiences stored in the unconscious but also by conscious decisions made in the present (Feist & Feist, 2009). Allport also believed that humans are not only organisms that react to rewards and punishment instead humans can interact with the environment and vice versa (Feist & Feist, 2009).
Running head: PERSONALITY OVERVIEW Personality Overview Joyce Hauk University of Phoenix Theories of Personality PSY/405 Jackie Grimmett Jun 16, 2012 Personality Overview Various theories allow a multitude of perspectives and since there are numerous personalities that differ from each other immensly, diverse theories are necessary for a better perspective of an individual. Personality theories are best explained by viewing two different theories and comparing how they operate against one another. Comparing these theories can help one discover more about their own personal strengths and weaknesses, assumptions, limitations, as well as what information is considered when attempting to enlightenment an individual about
This essay will evaluate the effectiveness, reliability, and the strengths and weaknesses of two different personality tests. The Thematic Apperception Test (projective) and the Myer Briggs Type Indicator (objective). It will also asses when these test should and shouldn’t be used. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective method of testing created by Christiana D. Morgan and Henry A. Murray (1934) intended to evaluate a person's attitudes towards themselves and others. Moreover, this technique of testing was often utilized on individuals applying for employment in fields that required a high level of ability in dealing with others.
This model contains standard testing providing comparison of individuals with similar traits allowing prediction of behavior outside an environment of testing. Utilization provides information to classify illnesses and disorders as well as defining a treatment program. Assessments within the psychological community have included such models to fabricate interventions, reinforcement, and desensitization of clients (McIntire & Miller, 2007). Significant Event in Development of Psychological Testing and Historical Roots A majority of psychologists find truth in that differences within individuals are a primary factor because of genetics and employment of aptitude assessments; superior groups of individuals can be raised systemically. Alpha and Beta assessments were conducted by Robert Yerkes during the First World War.
Defining Personality: Personality is made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. How exactly do psychologists define personality? What are the different components of personality? You can learn about the answers to these questions and more in this overview of personality.