Oil of vitriol, also known as sulfuric acid .Sulfuric acid? What is it? Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid with the molecular formula of H2 SO4. It's a colorless or slightly yellow liquid which is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sometimes, it could be dark brown by being dyed during its industrial production process in order to alert people to its hazards.
Experiment 3.1: Reduction of Benzophenone with Sodium Borohydride. Safety precaution: Sodium Borohydride Toxic & Irritant Wash spillages away with water Light Petroleum Highly Flammable Keep away from flames Ethyl Acetate Highly Flammable Keep away from flames. Residue to non-halogenated waste solvent. Ethanol Flammable Keep away from flames Residue to sink with lots of water. Benzophenone Harmful & Irritant Wash spillages away with water Hydrochloric acid Corrosive & Irritant wash spillages away with water.
When baking soda is combined with moisture and an acidic ingredient, the resulting chemical reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that expand under oven temperatures, causing baked goods to rise. Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonate, but it includes the acidifying agent already (cream of tartar), and also a drying agent (usually starch). The ultimate goal is to produce a tasty product with a pleasing texture. Baking soda is basic and will yield a bitter taste unless countered by the acidity of another ingredient, such as buttermilk. Cookie recipes typically include baking
Saturated solutions of salts present yet another type of chemical equilibria. Slightly soluble salts establish a dynamic equilibrium with the hydrated cations and anions in solution. • When the solid is first added to water, no ions are initially present. • As dissolution proceeds, the concentration of ions increases until equilibrium is established. This occurs when the solution is saturated.
Since it was inaccurate, the melting point of another group’s sample was recorded. It was determined to be 219ºC-227ºC. Results: Percent recovery=100*(weight of pure/weight of impure) Weight of Crude Caffeine | Weight of Purified Caffeine | Percent Recovery | 0.018 g | 0.015 g | 83.33% | | Started Melting | Completely Melted | Our Sample | 51 | 139 | Other Group’s Sample | 219 | 227 | Since the melting point determined was so different from the known melting point of caffeine, there must have been impurities in the sample. This is also why some of sample melted immediately while the rest took much longer. This wide melting range also indicated impurities.
Title : Reaction of Carboxylic Acids Objective : To Determine The Reaction of Carboxylic Acids Procedure : As referred to Lab manual. Results: A. Salt Formation |Compound |Solvent |Solubility | |Benzoic Acid |Cold Water |Partially soluble | |Benzoic Acid |10 % NaOH |Soluble | B. Salt Hydrolysis Sodium acetate solution changed the color of litmus from red to blue. C. Reaction With Sodium Carbonate Observation : A lot of gas bubbles was released.
(3 marks) (ii) What is the chromatographic mechanism involved? Describe how the mechanism effects separation to the three compounds. (8 marks) (iii) With explanation, describe what would happen to the peaks in the chromatogram when the packing silica with a larger pore size and smaller surface area is used in the above separation. (6 marks) 2. A mixture of Br-, Cl- and PO43- ions was subjected to an anionic column packed with polym-N(CH3)3+OH-, eluted with 9mM sodium carbonate.
Soda contains phosphoric acid, which interferes with the body’s ability to absorb calcium and can lead to osteoporosis, cavities and bone softening. Phosphoric Acid also interacts with stomach acid, slowing digestion and blocking nutrient absorption. In diet sodas, aspartame is used as a substitute for sugar, and can actually be more harmful. It has been linked to almost a hundred different health problems including seizures, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, diabetes, and emotional disorders. It converts to methanol at warm temperatures and methanol breaks down to formaldehyde and formic acid.
As for endothermic the reactions pulls in energy and makes it cold to touch. The other experiment measured the pH level in the reaction. The reaction consisted of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid also to see at which point the reaction becomes neutralized. Neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base forming a salt and water even tho you can’t see the salt due to the salt dissolving into the solution and the pH level of the reaction around level 7 and has a green sometimes yellow colour when the universal indicator is added. The neutralization gap shows how small the gap is to make the reaction neutral.
Results Information such as data, graphs, calculations, etc. are recorded in www.chem21labs.com. Discussion The sugar concentration should change with the higher depression. One of the sugar concentration solutions should have an equal molality to salt solution. The biggest flaw of the experiment was that the experimenters did not match any masses of sugar with the mass of salt.