The oesophagus extends from the pharynx and behind the trachea to the stomach. It is a muscular tube that uses a series of contractions, known as peristalsis, to push food through into the stomach. The stomach is a hollow organ that has strong muscular walls. It holds food while it is mixed with enzymes and continuing the process of food being broken down into a usable form. The stomach secretes acid and powerful enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food.
When we eat our food it is broken down into nutrients then absorbed into the bloodstream, our body then discards the indigestible parts of the food, this process is called digestion. The oesophagus is a tube that passes through the chest and connects the mouth to the stomach. The stomach leads to the small intestine, which is a narrow long tube from which most of the food absorption into the bloodstream takes place. The reason why we need to digest our food is because we need various molecules from the food we eat. We need carbohydrates for energy; we need amino acids to build protein.
The first function of the digestive system is the intake of food; the mouth is responsible for this as this is where food enters the body. Enzymes inside the mouth serve two purposes, one is to kill bacteria and two, begin digestion. Salivary Amylase begins to breakdown starch, carbohydrate in our food. Lingual lipase is an enzyme that stays neutral in the mouth but is active when it reaches the stomach. You should note that enzymes are like tiny biochemical machines that disassemble large macromolecules like proteins, lipids carbohydrates into smaller molecules, the breakdown of these foods continue throughout the digestive system until they are ready to enter the blood stream by absorption.
Blood glucose levels drop again after eating and the Lateral hypothalamus is activated (which initiates feeding) and we become hungry and the process starts again. There are several neurotransmitters in the body which are also involved in eating regulation. Ghrelin is a hormone which is released when the stomach is empty so it triggers eating. The second most important hormone is leptin and this is released from adipocytes, and the more fat a person has the more leptin is released and it acts as a satiety signal so stops food intake. Cummings et al (2004) did a study into the effects of ghrelin on people.
Ulcerative colitis to a greater extent of cancer but both Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are a type of cancer. When food is swallowed it goes through the feeding tube which is also known as the esophagus. Food then passes through the stomach to where it is then digested. Digested food leaves the stomach and goes to the small intestine. The small intestine digests most nutrients and the nutrients are absorbed into the body.
Unit 5- Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social care P2-Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body The stomach- The stomach is a muscular organ that is located on the left side of the upper abdomen. The stomach receives all the food from the esophagus, when the food reaches the end of the oesophagus it enters the stomach through a muscular valve which is known as the lower esophagus sphincter. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning the food to enhance digestion. Phloric sphincter is a muscular valve which opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine. Non-striated- There is non striated muscle in the stomach, it helps the digestive system in the process of digestion of food by causing mechanical digestion due to churning action as muscles contract.
While he is chewing his food, the salivary glands will begin to produce saliva and amylase, produced by enzymes. This will in turn break down some of the carbohydrates. Also the chewing motion will break down the food and the tongue will form it into a small bolus for easy swallowing. The
It begins in the mouth, where food is taken into the body and chewed to break it into smaller pieces, then amylase – a digestive enzyme produced in the body – is added to it through human saliva. Amylase is a carbohydralase and breaks down the carbohydrates within a food. This allows the body to take some of the nutrients from the food straight away. Once the food is swallowed it enters the pharynx before it is transported to the oesophagus, the pharynx converts the food into bolus. Bolus is chewed food which had been broken down with various enzymes produced in the mouth, it is much easier to digest than food which has just been chewed.
the anus ). Digestion begins with the mouth. The teeth are used to break down the food into smaller molecules to be passed down the oesophagus and into the stomach. The stomach is where most of the digestion takes place, this leads to the small intestine; a narrow tube for which most of the absorption of nutrients takes place. The small intestine leads to the large intestine, another tube for which absorption takes place.
The pancreatic duct in people who have cystic fibrosis frequently becomes blocked, reducing or preventing the release of pancreatic enzyme into the small intestine One enzyme can be used as many times over. There are two types of enzyme reaction; the first is 'Anabolic' reaction- this is when large molecules are built up from smaller molecules. The second type of reaction is called 'Catabolic' reaction- this is when large molecules are broken down into smaller ones. enzymes are highly selective, catalysing one specific reaction only. This specificity is due to the protein tertiary structure which creates the specific shape of an enzyme molecule * Digested food molecules are absorbed through the small intestine (into our blood) * Once in the blood, the digested food molecules are carried around the body, to where they are needed * Only small, soluble molecules can pass through the wall of the small intestine * The inside wall of the small intestine needs to be thin, with a really big surface area * This allows absorption to happen quickly and efficiently (so we absorb as much food as possible) * To get a big surface area, the inside wall of the small intestine is lined with tiny