Cells ! Bodies ! ____________________________________ " How do proteins do all the work ! ____________________ " " _____________ proteins run living organisms __________________ ! control all chemical reactions in living organisms " __________________ !
21. Describe the process of translation. Describe how mRNA translates the message into a protein? How are the amino acids brought to the ribosome? 22.
Translation is when the mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids (protein). It takes place on the ribosome, in the cytoplasm. 2. What is the three letter base sequence called on mRNA? codon 3.
Only two of these will connect those two are adenine and thymine the other two guanine and cytosine won’t How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? A organism’s genotype is its genetic makeup it is the sequence of nucleotide bases in its DNA. The phenotype is the organism’s physical traits and it arises from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. Structural proteins help make up the body of an organism, while enzymes catalyze its metabolic activities. DNA specifies the synthesis of proteins, However, a gene does not build a protein directly, instead it dispatches instructions in the form of RNA, which then programs protein synthesis.
To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups alternating (. DNA has a double helix structure and has two strands running in opposite directions (UIC, 2013). 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? Genotype determines the genetic makeup of an individual organism.
GAA b. The mRNA codon that results after this triplet code is transcribed. CUU c. The anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to the mRNA codon described above. GAA d. The amino acid that would be carried by the tRNA molecule described above. LEU 6.
Bio 1102 Human Biology Key Terms to Know Linkous gene a section of dna that codes for a specific protien genes instructions for building a certain protein dominant allele that is present in genotype is always expressed phenotype the way a gene is expressed genotype the genetic make up of an organism What is the normal number of times mammalian cells double/divide? 60-70 artery thick walls, high blood pressure, move blood away from the heart tolerance •Involves down-regulation and enzymes ▫The liver releases enzymes into the blood stream to break down substance X ▫When substance X is constantly introduced into the body: –The liver produces more enzymes –The cells (typically brain) make less receptor
Rough ER transports these proteins to the regions in the cell where it is needed. | Ribosomes | A ribosome is composed of two parts known as the large and small subunits. Each of these is a combination of protein and a type of RNA known as rRNA. | the main thing they do is that they arrange the strands of the amino acids for use of the other parts of the cell and ultimately the body. | Goigi Apparatus | The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to be responsible for handling the macromolecules that are required for proper cell functioning | It packages and ships molecules made in the ER.
The structure of these proteins is decided by the side R-group found on the combination of amino acids. Primary structure consists of a polypeptide chain of amino acids. To make a
They provide calories and energy for the body, aid in tissue repair, helps growth, provide cushion for the organs, and absorb vitamins. Too much or too little macronutrients can result in poor health or a range of diseases. The American Heart Association (2014) website say that, “too much protein can cause many chronic diseases or make chronic diseases worse”. Examples of diseases that can be caused by too much protein in a person are osteoporosis, kidney failure, kidney stones, and gout. Too much fat in a person’s diet can also cause disease when over consumed.