The cardiovascular systems causes accumulation of fatty material in the heart muscle and arteries, and can contribute to high blood pressure. The respiratory system causes the lungs to have lower capacity for inhaling and exhaling air as the muscles that help to expand and contract the chest weakens. The digestive system weakens due to dietary practices and the aging process causing common problems like constipation. The genitourinary system causes urinary incontinence due to the decrease in the blood flow through kidney, and decreased efficiency to remove wastes from the blood as they age. The central nervous systems slower down the reaction time in elderly, and affects the perception and memory of elderly.
(Weinstein, B. E. (2003). Sensorineural hearing loss is the hearing loss experienced by older adults that result from atrophic changes within the sensory and neural systems. This is associated with a loss of ability to hear sound and speech clearly. In addition to this there are other factors that can aide in hearing loss associated with age, these include: exposure to loud noises, genetic factors, trauma, vascular disease, infections and ingestion of agents that have an ototoxic effect such as dieuritcs or chemotherapy drugs. Untreated hearing loss can have significant consequences.
There are arguments to support that many older people leave hospital less able to function or mobilise than when they were admitted (de Morton, Keating & Jeffs 2007). This is due to the occurrence of deconditioning, a risk for many elderly patients admitted to an acute hospital setting. Deconditioning refers to the significant decline in the functional ability of patients, and is generally associated with prolonged bed rest and immobility (Kortebein, 2008). The term is used to describe the physiological changes caused by inactivity, with virtually every body system affected (Eliopoulos, 2010), and it also incorporates functional losses in mental status, ability to accomplish activities of daily living (ADLs) and a decrease in muscle mass and strength (Gillis, MacDonald & MacIsaac 2008). Hospitalisation is often the cause of deconditioning, particularly due to the focus on bed rest in order to recover from illness, or the limited mobility resulting from surgery.
P5 describe physical and psychological changes due to the ageing process. In this assessment I will show how a human body has physical and psychological changes due to ageing process. Physical changes Cardiovascular System Atherosclerosis occurs when fats lays down in the wall of blood vessels and develop a narrowing of the arteries in older people. It can affect older people with high blood pressure, giving them stroke and heart attack. When the fats lays in the blood vessels, it increases the size and cause a blockage in the artery which can make a person get low breathing and chest pain.
Excessive intake of alcohol, for example, is known to inhibit the proliferation of osteoblasts and this decreases bone formation which in turn causes a significant increase in the risk of fracture among vulnerable groups. Research has also identified tobacco as having a negative effect on bone density by inhibiting the proliferation of osteoblasts. Dietary practices as well as personal preferences which lead to deficiency in vitamin D and oestrogen also constitute a risk factor. Another risk factor is the long term use of glucocorticoids as this promotes apoptosis in bone-building osteoblasts and enhances the survival of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, thereby leading to a rapid decrease in BMD. Finally, low body mass index decreases the secretion of hormones which act on bone and this also stimulates osteoblast action.
Lifestyle choices often can be a cause of ageing as damages to body systems such as high cholesterol diets causing Coronary Heart Disease or being out in the sun a lot causing the wrinkling of skin. Hormonal control Women usually experience a major decrease in the hormone oestrogen following the stage of menopause where a women stops having her periods, meaning she is not able to have any more children. This decrease in oestrogen is associated with osteoporosis. Women are more at risk of having osteoporosis than men because bone strength is influenced by the reduction of osteoporosis. Some people may be more at risk of osteoporosis than others because osteoporosis may be influenced by genetic inheritance.
There was difference between mean fatigue and activity scores was found for type of renal replacement therapy, with participants receiving peritoneal dialysis being the most fatigued and the least active. Additionally, lower level of albumin with greater levels of fatigue and the ability to engage in fewer activities. The impact of fatigue on daily activity in people with chronic kidney disease I want to tell you about a fascinating topic that I encountered while caring for my father. He was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease at the age of 45. The topic of the article named “The Impact of Fatigue on Daily Activity in People with Chronic Kidney Disease” and the connection between low serum albumin and lower glomerular filtration rate than normal of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Running head: EPIDEMIOLOGY; THE ELDERLY AND INFLUENZA Epidemiology; The Elderly and Influenza NAME University of Phoenix DATE Epidemiology; The Elderly and Influenza Introduction Any compromise of wellness becomes a significant concern to the elderly, related to their advanced age, housing arrangements and limited income. Those three things often preclude appropriate treatment and speedy recovery. This paper will discuss epidemiology as well as the types of epidemiology to identify a health problem, the triangle of epidemiology and the relationship between this process and the elderly with influenza. Relevant Population and Disease Elderly people have much more difficulty warding off contagious illnesses like influenza and must pay particularly close attention to even the smallest changes in their overall sense of well being. Those over the age of 65 years old and with compromised immune systems are considered prime candidates for influenza.
Describe the healing process of a grade 3 decubitus ulcer. Discuss how aging may affect the process of healing. Decubitus ulcers are also known as pressure sores or bedsores, and can be difficult to define. The most accurate definition of a decubitus ulcer is the “breakdown of skin, usually over a bony prominence, due to compromised blood flow caused by pressure” (National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 1989). Decubitus ulcers are a common condition affecting the elderly as aging, the process of getting old, causes the skin to change dramatically (Landi et al, 2007).
Sleeplessness results in hormonal changes that increase appetite and cravings for energy-dense foods. Lack of sleep also reduces the extent of growth. This is due, mainly, to reduced secretions of the cortisol hormone. It may also result in other problems such as reduced immunity and poor digestion. Reduced immunity, in turn, makes the person susceptible to a great number of diseases that weaken the body to a great extent and hence, the overall growth reduces.