Water Supply Feasibility Study: Fisheries PREPARED FOR: Lisa Obermyer, Montgomery Watson Harza PREPARED BY: Greg White, CH2M HILL COPIES: Tom VanderPlaat, Clean Water Services DATE: July 16, 2003 Introduction The Tualatin River Watershed has seen a number of changes in recent years that influence water resources management. These include population growth and new regulatory requirements under the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act. In an effort to respond to these changes, the Water Managers Group, a group of public and private entities consisting of the Joint Water Commission, Lake Oswego Corporation, Tualatin Valley Irrigation District, City of Tigard, Tualatin Valley Water District, Clean Water Services
I am particularly interested in data analysis and data modeling of bodies of waters as they become ever scarcer and more polluted in populated urban areas. While earning my B.S. in environmental science at the University of XX, I had the opportunity to work for my academic advisor as an environmental research aide. It was there where I found my passion for environmental work and water resource management. I gained valuable hands-on field experience analyzing and studying the pollution of microplastics in the Puget Sound of Washington state and studied nutrient cycling in alpine and urban lakes.
These long term variations in sea level can be caused by major glacial episodes, changes in the hydrological cycle, vertical land motion or even changes in the ocean and coastal circulation. These reasons can be put into two categories which are known as eustatic and isostatic change. Over the years the global sea level has overall significantly increased from 16BC which was when it was the world’s lowest sea level, however, it has fluctuated throughout the past thousand years. Eustatic change is when there is a rise or fall in sea level changes relative to the land, due to an alteration in the volume of water in the oceans or, alternatively, a change in the shape of a drainage basin and hence a change in the amount of water the sea can hold. Throughout and after an ice age, eustatic change takes place.
This limits aquatic life, which reduces the supply of fish. Current policies are primarily aimed at reducing waste disposal into rivers and reduction of nitrogen and phosphorous use. These policies are subject to various issues such as increased food prices and complexity in the understanding of the true relationship between algae and nutrients. Therefore, the policies have not been effective. It is important to research on ways of controlling draught and limiting algae growth because it will mitigate further expansion of the Gulf of Dead Zone.
The droughts and increased heat has had negative impacts on local aquatic invertebrates. Aquatic invertebrates are adapted to survive in a particular range of temperature and habitat. But global warming makes it harder to survive. This could lead to the extinction of several species of aquatic invertebrates which in turn would lead to serious consequences of the ecosystem. Many of the aquatic invertebrates are responsible for keeping the ecosystem clean by feeding on litters.
The data in table 1 shows that there were more species found in the samples taken from Fort Wetherill. With Providence River being known as a primary producer it would be assumed that there would be more abundant species. Because there are a variety of nutrients available in the Providence River, more species would be able to develop and survive. Although the variety of species did not follow the predicted hypothesis, there is a trend seen when examining figures three and four. When looking at the three most abundant species found in both locations, there are significantly fewer Polychaete Larvae and Unidentified Copepod found at Fort Wetherill.
Much controversy came about due to the construction of the Glen Canyon Dam as part of the Colorado River Compact, which aimed to 'ensure through water storage the delivery of sufficient water to the lower basin during years of drought, so as to allow the upper basin to better utilize its allocation of river flow' as proposed by The USBR (United States Bureau of Reclamation). The construction of the dam led to the creation of Lake Powell, a reservoir which brought in its own revenue through tourism and recreational activities such as jet-skiing. The Glen Canyon Dam is also major generator of the Colorado River Storage Project, comprising 75-85% of total CRSP generation. However, environmentalists such as the Sierra Club (a large-scale environmental
This, in turn, can affect habitat quality for plants and animals that live downstream. Biodiversity may be lost if aquatic plants and animals cannot tolerate changing water conditions. When large volumes of water are pumped from a stream or river, water chemistry can change significantly with a drop in water level. Temperatures may rise and oxygen levels may drop, affecting aquatic species that don't have a wide tolerance. Biodiversity may also be reduced if invasive species, such as the zebra mussel or golden algae, are introduced into a waterbody during the drilling process.
Through this, I could observe any major alterations in the coastline and determine how these were influenced by coastal management. It could be seen that the areas protected by sea defences such as Hornsea had changed far less in comparison to those without. The Hull University Website also proved beneficial in providing a range of quantitative data detailing the changes in the amount of cliff lost and the rate of erosion as far back as 1951. The highest rate was recorded at Ulrome at 2.61m a year whilst the lowest rate could be observed at Hornsea at a rate of 0.79m a year. From this, it could be inferred that the areas protected with sea defences experienced minimal erosion in comparison to those lacking this.
Through these trade routes by land and transportation system by water, so many of Central Asia’s social environments have changed. These trade routes by water and land were the possibilities of expansions of places and development of areas. Movements of people depended on water. Nomads seeked for water, and they determined their destinations based on the location of water. Nomads were at the bottom of hierarchy system, yet they are the linkage of Central Asia history and now.