Sailing To Byzantium

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Sailing to Byzantium This poem was written by Yeats in 1926, marking a point in his maturity, it was part of a collection called Tower, when Yeats stayed at the home of Lady Gregory in Coole Park near Gort in Co. Galway. The title of the poem refers to the ancient city of Byzantium, capital of the Byzantine ruled by the Turkish Sultan, the city is now called Istanbul. Stanza I: In the opening line of the poem Yeats states-: "That is no country for old men." A reference both to ancient Byzantium and post 1922 Free State Ireland. The mention of old men provides our first example of Yeats' preoccupation with old age. The stanza continues by painting a picture of teaming life, the sensuous world of youth, vitality, reproduction, decay and death. The opening statements are quickly checked by the phrase- “Those dying generations”, a recognition by Yeats of the transience of life. He suggests that despite their apparent happiness, each is condemned to death, their mortality is inescapable -: “Whatever is begotten born and dies.” This contrasts the sensual world with the world of art, best represented by the magnificence of Byzantium -: “I think that in early Byzantium, maybe never before or since in recorded history, religious, aesthetic and practical life were one.” In 1912 he had visited the city of Ravenna, in northern Italy and had seen there some examples of early Byzantium art. He recognised that many generations of people had witnessed the pictures, but that the pictures themselves had maintained their vitality and freshness, they it seemed were ageless, the figures portrayed in them also achieved a permanence that was not possible in reality. The predicament facing Yeats, is what he perceives to be a growing dicotony between his ageing body and his still youthful mind or intellect. He offers, in the opening stanza, the contrast between those who concentrate on the

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