Safety Devices in Household Circuits

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* Discuss the dangers of an electric shock from both a 240 volt AC mains supply and various DC voltages, from appliances, on the muscles of the body. The Alternating Voltage Supply The electrical supply is delivered to a home through the cabling. These are connected to a switchboard where there is a switch that controls the home electricity supply. From here, the electricity passes to a fuse box (or circuit breaker box) where it is divided into a number of parallel circuits through the home. An alternating voltage is delivered to the home by two wires called the neutral wire and the active wire (also known as hot wire). The neutral wire is maintained at earth potential by being connected to the Earth at the power station. The active wire is one of the wires that brings electricity to a household from a power station. The voltage of the active varies between 340 and -340V with respect to the neutral wire. As the voltage between the active lead and the neutral lead is varying, an average value is used. The household supply is called a 240V AC supply. A cycle is a complete variation in voltage Electric Shock Electric Shock, or electrocution, is caused when an electric current passes through the body and causes a violent disturbance of the nervous system. The disturbance of the nervous system produces effects on the muscles of the body. Electric shock in household is most common when a person touches the active wire. Some appliances also produce DC voltages that can cause electric shock. An electric current through the body can cause muscles to contract. If the muscles required for breathing are involved, this can prevent breathing and may cause death. The effect of mains AC currents on the heart are much more complicated. Fibrillation is a condition in which the heart stops beating regularly and oscillates rapidly. The heart is no
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