Case Study 1 Sigmund Freud 1. What a personality (or character) type does Hank display, according to Freudian theory? Provide evidence for your answer. At what stage is Hank fixated, according to the Freudian perspective? Find evidence of fixation in the case study.
2. How did the methods of early structuralists and functionalists differ? Name a psychologist that took each approach. 3. Contrast Sigmund Freud’s view of human nature with the view of Abraham Maslow.
APPLICATION QUESTIONS Using Jung’s theoretical concepts and stages, assess Mark’s personality. 1. What is Mark’s attitude, according to Jungian theory? Provide evidence for your answer. a.
Perception and Causes of Psychopathology By: Josiah Wilkerson PSYCH/650 October 30, 2014 Mary MC Greevy Perception and Causes of Psychopathology Psychopathology, what is it really? This paper will go into what psychopathology is and what causes it. There will be a brief overview of how culture is determining factor toward the expression of psychopathology. Following the brief overview will be an examination of the causes of psychopathology by using bio-psychosocial or the diathesis stress models. Concluding this paper will be an explanation of the changes in society’s perception of psychopathology as a function of historical time period.
Meal and snack times are fulfilled with nutrion that the children enjoy and it is made to be an enjoyable time of the day for the children. Drinking water is available. It is important to inform parents about the food and snacks provided and nutritional guidelines which are followed. Parents can see what we provide and if their child has any dietary needs, we can alter the meals prepared for them. If children do not like the first choice of food given to them they will have another nutrious alternative to enjoy.
However, the mother is there each time the baby is fed. Subsequently, Classical conditioning is learning through association. Firstly the food is the un-conditioned stimulus which the baby feels pleasure from so this is the un-conditioned response. Then, the mother is the neutral stimulus however, for the baby so after time the mother becomes a conditioned stimulus as the baby associates the mother with food and this is the conditioned response. The baby associates the mother with food.
· Which of the major developmental theories are stage theories? Which are not? The stage theories are psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Erikson, and Piaget’s cognitive theory. Developmental theories that are not stage theories are the behaviorism of Pavlov and Skinner and the social learning theory of Bandura, and systems theories · Which theories emphasize individual conscious organization of experience? Unconscious urges?
However, the operant conditioning side was used by Dollard and Miller in 1951, which they claimed was more complex as the infant feels uncomfortable when they are hungry and their primary caregiver reduces that discomfort whilst pleasuring them hence them becoming attached. There are some positive aspects in this explanation such as that we all learn through association as well as reinforcement which this explanation is based on. Yet, on the other hand food may not be the main reinforcer as attention and responsiveness form a caregiver are also rewarding. Unfortunately for the Learning Theory there is an increasingly high weakness to strength ratio. For example; a study by Harlow demonstrated that food isn’t everything as his study concerned monkeys who were raised by their own two wire mothers, however one was covered with a cloth and offered no food whilst the other offered food without comfort.
Smoking, drinking too much alcohol and excessive eating have been linked to oral fixation in adults. Anal Stage · The anal phase is marked by the beginning of toilet training when the child is aged between 18 months and 3 years old. She must learn to control his bowel movements, along with other aggressive desires. At this stage, the child derives pleasure from eliminating and retaining feces and begins to realize the power this gives her over her parents. Freud believed that anal fixation results from parents being too strict with children during toilet training.
4. The type of personality that Steve displays according to Freud is the phallic personality. What could have caused this was the lack of affectionate relationship with his mother, feeling not good enough and in a way ashamed. Lacking self-confidence in viewing himself as attractive. He uses constant sexual encounters as a way to feel attractive to combat the self-confidence issues he felt growing up.