Therefore it is difficult to make a comparison; nevertheless it is apparent that there are more areas of continuity that suggest the Russian people did exchange Romanov Tsars for Red Tsars. In order to accurately compare the two eras one must examine the following themes; ideology, centralisation, use of coercion and role of leader. In terms of ideology there is very clear evidence which shows continuity between the eras, the main area of similarity is the fact that ideology played a fundamental role in both periods. Ideology became the main source of legitimacy to justify the lack of competition to the regimes. Stalin and Alexander III were particularly good at using ideology as a basis of legitimacy; they both rejected all alternatives on the basis that their ideology was superior and the only form of government which wasn’t corrupted which therefore meant that violence was necessary to maintain the pure control.
Critically assess the effectiveness of ombudsmen schemes and consider how their effectiveness could be enhanced. Ombudsmen schemes in the UK are an undeniably useful administrative feature, helping to bridge the gap between issues of legality and ill practice, or maladministration. Sir Cecil Clothier suggested Parliament had an increasing focus on ‘those problems of individuals which lack a national or international dimension’ in 1986, and Ombudsmen have been described by Drewry and Harlow (1990) as ‘an adjunct to the MP’s traditional and cherished role as grievance chaser on behalf of constituents. In this way, ombudsmen schemes encourage a more wholesome approach to good governance, address issues which may be otherwise overlooked by parliament and assist in the promotion of the principles of good government; good people, good process, good accountability, good performance, and good standards, as identified by the House of Commons PASC in 2009. However, concerns regarding the scale to which ombudsmen schemes are employed by the public, and the special relationship between ombudsmen and parliament have placed uncertainty on their perceived levels of effectiveness, encouraging suggestions from the Law Commission and PASC, to amend the law in an attempt to increase their efficiency.
Compare and contrast Stalin and Lenin Ones of the most famous XX century figures in Russia were Stalin(ruling 1924-1953) and Lenin (ruling 1918-1924). They both wanted to change Russia and even the whole world. They had a very big impact to our world, even now there are historians who still analyzes their work and we still do not have the current truth about them, just suggestions with some reasonable evidence. In this paper we will present differences and similarities between these two the most known rulers of Russia their ideologies, economical view, foreign policies and how they got and saved the power. To begin with, both Lenin and Stalin had some similarities in their ideology.
Both Tsars were thoroughly progressive, bringing reform to Russian bureaucracies and institutions that had slowly stagnated. In addition, both Ivan IV and Peter I succeeded in centralizing authority around the monarchy. Indeed, Peter the Great professed himself to be an admirer of Ivan’s. But the common perception of Ivan the Terrible’s rule as truly “terrible” in comparison to Peter’s is not without base. The latter half of Ivan IV’s reign would be characterized by a bloody reign of terror by the dreaded oprichnik and drawn out military failures in the Baltic.
9697 History June 2009 HISTORY Paper 9697/01 Paper 1 General comments The general standard of answers was satisfactory and examiners were pleased to read some excellent scripts that reflected sound levels of understanding and good knowledge. The most successful scripts demonstrated a variety of qualities appropriate to the study of history at this level. The most important quality is relevance. It is important to keep to the dates in questions. For example, Q4 was about Bismarck’s leadership of Germany to 1871.
However such a significant drop in numbers could have actually been a result of the government’s use of the Okhrana (secret police) which used fear to instil obedience and so to a limited extent as a result of Stolypin actually solving the political problems in Russia. Stolypin to a large extent solved Russia’s political problems by 1914 through more effective use of the Duma’s.
HUM 2249-46B Successes of the Enlightenment The Enlightenment was the time period in which the many cultural and social changes occurred due to the many thoughtful processes of reason and analysis. Not only that, but it promoted the scientific method, challenged ideas grounded in tradition, faith or superstition, and advocated the restructuring of governments and social institutions based on reason. Enlightenment philosophy also stressed that liberty and equality were natural human rights. Along with this, a unique twist of individualism rather than the traditional ways of thinking could be well-associated with the Age of Enlightenment. As a result, Jefferson, Montesquieu, Locke, and other members of the founding generation were deeply influenced by this 18th-century European intellectual movement.
Lenin’s leadership was crucial to the October revolution, during his time in hiding before April, the Bolsheviks that were in Russia supported the Provisional Government. This meant that without Lenin’s April Thesis then there may not have been the Bolshevik support to even start the planning for the revolution. Also, it was Lenin’s idea that they needed to act before the Constituent assembly in November, which would have taken any power from the Bolsheviks. Although, Lenin’s leadership did almost decimate the Bolshevik party in July, from a crucial miscalculation that led to the arrest of 500 Bolshevik members and Lenin fleeing once again. Lenin was not the only factor though and without Trotsky’s planning while Lenin was not even in Russia then the Bolsheviks would not have had the chance to seize the opportunity in October.
This gives us insight into the economic and social aims of the government, that they sought to achieve through industrialization. One such document worth researching is a memorandum that Witte wrote that was addressed to Nicholas II. This memorandum has since been critiqued by historian T.H, Von Laue, in his article entitled, A Secret Memorandum Of Sergei Witte On The Industrilaization of Russia. In his article, Von Laue analyzes different plans, and is most importantly interested in how this memorandum reflects
History essay EVALUATE THE SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF ONE RULER OF A SINGLE- PARTY STATE Bolsheviks came to power in November 1917 with Lenin as a party leader. His leadership was strong and determined, which he previously showed by publishing his April theses that gave serious of directives that enabled Bolsheviks to come to power after November Revolution. He was a memorable leader whose policies and decisions shaped Russia from 1917-24. In this essay I am going to evaluate and analyse how effective were his revolutionary transformations in economic, political and social context. When Lenin and Bolsheviks came to power Russia was in tremendous economic and administrative problems.