Chapter 11: Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase Chapter 11 Reading Questions: 1. What contributions did the Etruscans and the early Roman monarchy make to the Roman republic? The Etruscans built thriving cities and established political and economic alliances between their settlements. They manufactured high-quality bronze and iron goods, and they worked gold and silver into jewelry. They built a fleet and traded actively in the western Mediterranean.
During this time China created political and cultural forms that would last a very long time even till this day. Though the unified reign of the Qin Emperor lasted only 12 years, he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core of the Han Chinese homeland and to unite them under a tightly centralized Legalist government seated at Xianyang. The doctrine of Legalism that guided the Qin emphasized strict adherence to a legal code and the absolute power of the emperor. This philosophy, while effective for expanding the empire in a military fashion, proved unworkable for governing it in peacetime. The Qin Dynasty is well known for beginning the Great Wall of China.
In fact, under the leadership of Zheng- He, the Chinese managed to complete many voyages into the Indian Ocean during the 15th century due to their advanced technologies such as the magnetic compass. These voyages permitted China to establish diplomatic relationships with the countries of the Indian Ocean and expand Chinese influence to the west. However, China’s superiority complex and distrust of foreigners interfered with further exploration. By 1433, the year of Zheng-He’s death, China discontinued all foreign trade, and by 1436, the emperor forbade the building of ships for overseas voyages. Reasons for this stop can be seen in a passage entitled The Way and the Power that states, “Let the state be small and the people few: So that the people .
To the west, the Ionian Sea separates Greece from the Italian Peninsula. Greece’s uneven coastline brought every part of the mainland to the sea. Greece was covered in short mountain ranges, so instead of big kingdoms like china, they had small city-states, which prevented early Greek people to form a sense of unity. Now, the politics and government of each is very different. Classical China had dynasties.
Art History I Chapter Seven Summary Roman Art – Key Ideas: Roman Art Roman temples developed during the Republican period echo the Greek prostyle plan. Early evidence of Roman building characteristics can be seen in the sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia at Palestrina, east of Rome. From early 1st century, this complex shows an early use of concrete, barrel vaults, and engaged columns. The Forum of Caesar, constructed during the end of Julius Caesar’s life, furnished the prototype for all later Imperial forums. Impressive examples of Roman architecture in the Provinces include the Pont du Gard and Maison Carree in Nimes.
Also there were may things built to improve in the safety of the people. There are many similarities and differences between the pax romana of Rome and the Golden Age of Han China. Both dynasties had great inventions, China had built many monuments to help them while Rome did not build much to help them survive. Both the Han dynasty and ancient Rome went through their golden age. The Han dynasty went through their golden age around 600 C.E.
(Roman-Empire.net). Around 146 B.C. Carthage attracted neighboring nations, like the Roman Empire, and was destroyed in 146 B.C. at the end of the Punic Wars (Google.com Timeline). Rome rose because they had a weapon called ‘enfranchisement.’ Rome was Italy’s capital in the territories of the Roman Empire citizens had rights and privileges, with good government, security and a good justice system (Roman-Empire.net).
Ming China, in its early years, was undoubtedly the most powerful and wealthiest nation on Earth. The Ming, and later the Qing, failed to find adequate solutions to the rise of Western imperialism that led European nations to greatly outstrip
Columbus underestimated the circumference of the earth by one-fourth and he believed him and his men could reach Japan by sailing 2,400 miles west from the Canary Islands. Until his death in 1506, he insisted that he had reached Asia. But he quickly recognized that the new lands could be a source of wealth from precious minerals and sugar cane. The 15th and 16th century voyages of discovery brought Europe, Africa, and the Americas into direct contact producing an exchange of foods, animals, and diseases that scholars call “The Columbian Exchange.”
In 200 B.C.E. is when the Han Dynasty first established Silk Roads and since the beginning of the establishment, all the way through 1450 C.E., Silk Roads were deeply an important change that happened to connect China in the east to the empires of the west. Although over tim different products and goods were changed including trading partners, the exchange of innovations and culture which led to cultural diffusion, became a continuity as well. Roughly around 200 B.C.E, the Silk Roads came into use. By that time, they linked the Roman Empire to the Han Dynasty.