The presence of others affects our behaviors through influence. Peer pressure being the best example of this. Through peer pressure our peers influence us by encouraging use to change our attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs in order for us to conform to the group norm. A person who is influenced by peer pressure may not want to actually be a part of the groups or associate with them and as such change their behavior accordingly to the group behavior when around that group. A person may change his or her attitudes and behaviors when around social groups in order to feel accepted even if they don’t particularly believe in the group behaviors.
Walmsley et al found that a third of UK prisoners claim to have a family member also in prison. However, this means the explanation could actually relate to the genetic influence, as families are involved- we might not necessarily be copying our families behaviour, but just acting as we've been genetically influenced to do. Also, the DAT doesn't explain why all people raised around criminal behaviour offend- as shown in Osborne and West's study, 40% of sons with fathers of criminal behaviour do offend but the other 60% do what? It also doesn't explain why some stop offending after adolescence, like Harry, he is a reformed criminal who has seemed to learnt what he did is wrong and moved on from his offending behaviour. The DAT cannot explain this due to focusing on the attitudes they learn early and then
Conformity within a group entails members changing their attitudes and beliefs in order to match those of others within the group. Those that conform tend to be obedient and compliant. In order to conform, the group member must attribute someone as having the legitimacy and credibility to lead or influence the group's behaviour. Without this "leader", conformity toward the group's goals will be less prevalent. If a member of the group fails to conform to the groups needs, he/she would lose credibility with the rest of the group.
The research into conformity by Asch suggests that participants are more likely to conform to majority influence even if the answer was obvious. There is always a strong pressure from a group to yield especially in front of a majority. People are more likely to change because they don’t want to be a minority in a group so they soon doubt their own judgement. This suggests that people experience normative social influence as people want to be liked and to be accepted. Another explanation is gradual commitment.
It also makes prison life more enjoyable for the prisoner which lowers the risk of re offending whilst in prison. Another aspect of security which is an advantage to both staff and prisoners is dynamic Security. Prison officers monitor the prisoners to ensure that they are coping with life in prison. This lowers the risk of self-harming and suicide. A downside to security within a custodial environment is the cost of the security devices used such as the CCTV, thumb detection devices to access keys, key swab operated gates into every part of the prison from the reception to the wings to the visiting area.
More detailed studies are important to help answer the effectiveness of DTC to rehabilitate better than incarceration. This research will improve upon the other studies by attempting to solve their limitations. The idea of a third unknown variable resulting in a successful rehabilitation will be answered by continually surveying the 100 participants to the reason for their success. The limitation of not being made aware of an out of state arrest could be monitored by yearly checkups of the participants. The implication of proving that DTCs can better rehabilitate offenders than correctional facilities would revolutionize the judicial response to drug related crimes.
Outline and evaluate institutional aggression Institutional behaviour refers to the violent behaviour which exists within certain institutions or groups; taking place within prisons, schools and healthcare settings. One theory of aggression is the “importation model”. Irwin and Cressey claim that inmates who enter prisons with particular characteristics are more likely to engage in interpersonal violence than other inmates. Research in the US has shown that black inmates compared to white inmates are more likely to be associated with violence. This may be because Black Prisoners often enter from impoverished backgrounds with higher rates of violent crimes; therefore “import “their cultural norms which condone violent behaviour.
It is said that individuals who have these traits may have parents with the same traits. But not all individuals who turn to crime are from broken home homes, some are from homes with supportive parents. Parenting affects a child’s temperament and is inter-related in important ways to include harsh physical discipline, parental supervision, and antisocial attitudes. Parenting plays an important role in the development of antisocial behavior. At an early age boys tend to be more aggressive than girls, due to the ability to socialize being easier for girls than for boys thereby, creating gender difference in antisocial behavior.
Most people have a basic understanding of obedience; however, many may fail to see the application and the impact of it in their own lives and in our society. Submission into conformity discourages the type of independence that is valued in our supposedly free-thinking world. Censorship is one of the major themes in Fahrenheit 451, and its impact is illustrated through submission in appearance, behavior and thought. This invites us to draw clear relationships between Ray Bradbury‘s novel and our current society. The association between appearance and social acceptance is already apparent in our lives.
I do also believe that it would be a gateway for law enforcement to be able to exploit people more often and pick on them because of something on their record. There are a lot of positive things that would come form the ID cards but I think that the cons out weigh the pros for me. So therefore I believe that for me William Safire made a better argument. In Safire’s essay, he explains to us that with