The narcotic agonist act at specific opioid receptor sites in the CNS to produce analgesia, sedation, and a sense of well-being. They also are used as antitussives and as adjuncts to general anesthesia to produce rapid analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression. Indications for narcotic agonists include relief of severe acute or chronic pain, preoperative medication, analgesia during anesthesia, and specific individual indications, depending on the receptor affinity (p. 409). Narcotic agonists are contraindicated in the following conditions: presence of known allergy to any narcotic agonist to avoid hypersensitivity reactions; diarrhea caused by toxic poisons because depression of GI activity could lead to increased absorption and toxicity; and after biliary surgery or surgical anastomoses because of the adverse effects associated with slowed GI activity
All analgesics can cause unwanted side effects. There are two broad categories of analgesics: • non-opioid – such as aspirin and paracetamol, mainly used for mild to moderate pain • opioid – such as morphine and oxycodone, mainly used for severe pain The side effects and potential problems related to using opioid (narcotic) analgesics, such as addiction and overdose, are generally well known. However, most people assume that non-opioid (non-narcotic) analgesics are harmless. In fact, over-the-counter pain relievers can cause unwanted side effects
. (Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Psychiatric nursing made Incredibly Easy,2004,p.153 Many medications are in the market such as antipsychotic/antidepressants drugs clozaril, thorazine, haldol etc see exhibit A for a list of medications. Like many medications it has adverse affects but people must take medication for life. Besides medications schizophrenics’ also need support such as psychosocial therapy. And family support not only for emotional support but to ensure treatment compliance to avoid hospital or relapse in symptoms.
Introduction The objective of this experiment was to synthesize Acetylsalicylic acid. Acetylsalicylic acid is commonly known as Aspirin. Aspirin is a common over the counter drug found in everyday households. Aspirin is used to treat fevers, arthritis, and inflammation from sores and injuries. Aspirin has also been known to reduce the risk of heart attacks.
Diacetylmorphine is produced my drying opium poppy seeds and treating it with acetic anhydride and then adding 2 acetyl groups to a molecule of morphine. Some of the physical properties displayed by heroin are white, brown, crystalline powder that has a bitter taste. (I can not attest to this but it can be found in my research.) Chemical properties in heroin are that it is a light brown solid, melts at 154-161oC and should be kept in storage at -20oC. Some dangers of heroin can be lead to addiction, acute toxicity, Nervous System disturbances, an asthma.
Both of these Chamomile variations contain terpenoids and flavonoids which make up its medicinal properties (Srivastava 2010). For the purpose of this review, which will look at the medicinal use of Chamomile in treating stomach ailments, two traditional sources have been located ; Culpeper’s Complete Herbal by Nicholas Culpeper (1814) and The Complete Herbalist by O.Phelps Brown (1878). Culpeper (1814, pp. 73 to 75) states that the decoction of chamomile relieves “all pains and stitches in the side”, continuing to show that it has a “wonderful speedy property” on “torments of the belly”. His work states that in order to obtain its full medicinal properties the chamomile should be used in a clyster, or smeared onto the problematic area.
(1997): n. pag Web. 02 June 2010. Jonk, Ron-. "Anxiety Disorders - Causes." University of Maryland Medical Center.
Most mental health experts agree that when depression is severe, medication can be helpful, even life saving. Other studies show that the benefits of depression medication have been exaggerated. When it comes to mild to moderate depression, antidepressants are only slightly more effective than Natural Cures. They altar chemicals in the brain like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine causing the body to be more prone to side
Nexium may also be given to prevent gastric ulcer caused by infection with helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), or by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Brand Names: Nexium 3. Zyprexa- (olanzapine) is an atypical antipsychotic medication. It is thought to work by changing the actions of certain chemicals in the brain. Zyprexa is used to treat the symptoms of psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (manic depression) in adults and children who are at least 13 years old.
And antiepileptic agents have gabapentin in topirmate and antidepressants have amitripiline and duloxetine. These are the other three types of analgesics. Tylenol is the active ingredient and acetaphetamine it has analgesic properties but does not reduce inflamed areas. Arthritis and post operating pain can brle treated by NSAIDs because they have anti inflammatory properties. And Teds work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzymes that make the inflammatory and pain producing chemicals prostaglandin.