Risks and Opportunities of Urbanization

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Discussion 1: Risks and Opportunities of Urbanization Dr. Theo Kotter begins his article by stating “The 21st century is the century of the cities and of urbanization” (pg.1 pp. 1). After reading the article in its entirety, it would be difficult to argue with this statement. Evidence supporting the claim that megacities are rapidly increasing is displayed throughout his writing multiple times, and while, there is a lot of data in favor of these expanding cities, Kotter also makes the argument that there are multiple negative effects for these cities to endure as they constantly grow. The six characteristics described by Kotter, in relation to urbanization impacts upon a megacity, are density, dynamic, settlement, socio-economic disparities, risks and vulnerabilities, as well as governance. It is these six attributes that “are not only risk areas of global change, but they also provide opportunities” (pg. 4 pp. 4). Megacities provide a platform for economic, scientific, political and social growth. The concept of “opportunity” is conveyed to its inhabitants; for the people residing in megacities often live there in the hopes of an improved life. Kotter describes the “push-factors”, or factors pushing people to migrate to megacities from rural areas, as “unemployment, low standards for housing and infrastructure, and lack of educational facilities” (pg1 pp. 2). In contrast, the “pull factors”, or factors pulling people to migrate from rural areas to megacities, are “economical opportunities, attractive jobs, better education, and a modern lifestyle” (pg.1 pp2). Combined, these factors result in megacities appearing as a promise land of sorts to people in search of a better lifestyle. However, Kotter’s six characteristics, as listed before, pose a great deal of concern for megacity dwellers and for city maintenance methods. Kotter states in his article,
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