Political agitation was fast gaining momentum. Parliaments and courts were replaced by revolutionary tribunals. Thomas Paine’s famous Rights of Man was reissued in Dublin in 1791. Paine passionately denounced aristocracy and religious discrimination while praising the French Revolution. Tone had already come to realise that the demand for parliamentary reform without the granting of civil liberties to Catholics was meaningless, and he was disgusted by the failure of the Volunteers to take up the cause of Catholic emancipation.
This act of treason meant that anyone who disagreed with the break with Rome would be executed due to heresy. Therefore, it seems as though Henry did not fully accept the protestant beliefs, because he killed Tyndale for spreading them. And if the King could not fully accept the new Protestant religion, then how was the rest of England expected to? Therefore, this leads to the conclusion that Protestantism made only limited gains in England, due to the fact that it was not as accepted as Catholicism was. The idea shown in source 7 of Henry not being able to fully separate himself from his catholic beliefs is further back up by the evidence found in source 8.
In 1625 Buckingham decided England needed a new ally in Europe in France after the failure of the Spanish match, they could see diplomatic advantages, France was becoming worried about the successes of the Hapsburg Spanish and might be persuaded to take part against them. This however made Puritan minded MPs suspicious of Charles as not only was Henrietta Maria, the King’s prospective wife, Catholic, but also the terms of marriage included toleration for Catholics – something Parliament would certainly not welcome, rather it resented the Crown’s decision to do this. The Alliance with France however, had broken down by 1627 leading England into war. Buckingham was to blame because it was his flawed policy of creating an alliance with the French under terms not possible to keep such as toleration for Catholics, which caused the French Chief Minister to decide not to join the English in a war against the Hapsburgs, because of which Buckingham reversed his policy of French alliance. Furthermore to gain popularity Buckingham decided to help the Huguenots who were held at the port of La Rochelle – again this was another flawed move as now England was at war with two countries.
The origins of rebellion arose when people in England opposed Mary’s catholic standing and were worrying over the possible return of papal authority over England, since mary’s coronation was in 1553 she quickly placed people of catholic standing in positions within the kingdom, including many positions in the privy council the most influential body within the government. This quick changeover within England is arguably what caused the Wyatt rebellion as it made the people feel anxious of the possible threat of going back to a papal authority, this can be reinforced by the following source ‘and yet thhe it be said in counsel as to my friend, we mind only the restitution of God’s word, but no words!’qhich was written by wyatts son showing us that Wyatt was rebelling to the threat Mary posed to religion, but it can also be inferred that although this was his motive he felt that this reason wasn’t acceptable to cause a greater enough rebellion to remove Mary from the throne so he says that they should use a different reason, as generally it can be argued that Mary’s catholic influence across England were relatively popular, possibly why the rebellion was shown little support. There
A breakdown in parliament then occurred because Charles realized the parliamentary attack on Buckingham was increasing so in 1625 dissolved his first Parliament in order to protect his close companion. The close relationship of Charles and The Duke of Buckingham enabled Buckingham to have security and potential access to more than Charles realised. The Cadiz Expedition is a prime example of Buckingham failures. Both Charles and Buckingham decided to attack one of Spain’s main ports to destroy as many of the Spanish fleet as possible. (Troops were raised but mostly untrained).
Oliver Cromwell did a lot of bad things their which really upset the Irish he done things like, transport Irish Catholics (12,000) to the west indies, he closed Irish schools gave the Irish peoples land to English soldiers which made them really happy as the puritans gained lots more land but the Irish lost land, he had killed soldiers who surrender in battle which is a crime this shows Cromwell’s dark side and finally he allowed Irish women and children to be murdered. Puritans (soldiers) like this as they gained land but the Irish Catholics and some soldiers were not happy as the soldiers when surrender were killed and Irish Catholics were transported
James was trying to juggle different religious demands. This caused James to expresses his hostility against the Catholics in 1604 at the Hampton Court Conference. This was to satisfy the Puritans whose demand who could not satisfy and shows that the religious divisions were serious, as he had to hop to one faction to another trying to keep the country satisfied. The situation deteriorated further when in February James expelled all priests and Jesuits and reintroduced recusancy as well as announcing his ‘utter
On the 8th of November 1917, the Sovnakom made the first decree in a series of decrees, made in an attempt to consolidate Bolshevik power, and convey unity. This decree signalled an end to Russian participation in the war with Germany. The slogan of the Bolshevik Party throughout their campaign had been: “Peace, Land, Bread!” and the fact that they had followed up on their three promises showed that the party was all united upon their aims. Another way in which the Bolsheviks conveyed a united front to the public was through the ruthlessness with which they cemented their power. The Bolsheviks, in particular, their leaders would go through any means necessary in order to ensure that counter-revolutionaries were silenced.
As fists and clubs began flying a soldier dropped dead, this forced the soldiers to fire, killing five civilians and wounding six. Colonists were also being deprived from local political rights and independence. Apart from being deprived they were transported by sea to be tried for pretended offenses. In 1774 Parliamentary resolution declared that colonists accused of treason could be tried in Britain. This not only limited their options, but, denied from the colonists being tried in their country.
Why was Gladstone unable to win the campaign for Home Rule in 1885 and again in 1893? Gladstone was unable to win the campaign for Home Rule in 1886 and again in 1893 mainly because of the strong Conservative opposition in the House of Lords. This feeling is exhibited by Source N when the 1886 Home Rule Bill failed at the first hurdle, the House of Commons, despite Parnell expressing that it is only a small proportion of Protestants that ‘sought to rekindle the…almost expiring embers of religious bigotry’ the MPs failed to be won over by his argument. The idea of distaste for Parnell is reinforced with the Unionism of Protestant Ireland indicating that because he was seen as a Fenian terrorist, giving into him would be giving into violence and untrustworthy methods like the Land league, a cover for Fenianism. Similarly Source K exhibits the hatred Ulster Unionists felt towards Home Rule as they ‘would resort to force’ to ensure their prosperity was not compromised by a terrorists wishes to become independent.