Task 2 Unit 7 M1 Discuss for each system, how its structure helps it carry out its function. Respiratory system Nostril & Nasal cavity – The nose is a structure of the face made of cartilage, bone, muscle, and skin that protects the front part of the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is a hollow space within the nose and skull that is lined with hairs and mucus membrane. The function of the nasal cavity is to moisturize, warm and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs. Hairs and mucus that line the nasal cavity help to trap dust, pollen and other environmental contaminants so these things have less chance of reaching the inner parts of the body.
With our tongue and lips we convert these vibrations into speech. The area at the top of the trachea, which contains the larynx, is called the glottis. The trachea or windpipe is made of muscle and elastic fibers with rings of cartilage. The cartilage prevents the tubes of the trachea from collapsing. The trachea is divided or branched into bronchi and then into smaller bronchioles.
The Trachea continues to divide inside the lungs forming narrower tubes called the Bronchioles. In each end of these Bronchioles are groups of alveoli (air sacs). It is in the Alveoli where gas exchange actually occurs. Oxygen can either enter through the nose or in the mouth. When we inhale, the oxygen enters through our nose or mouth then it gathers it in the Pharynx (throat) then it is passed down in the trachea then it flows down your bronchioles and finally down the alveoli.
The human respiratory system is composed of the nasal passage, the pharynx, larynx, the trachea, bronchi and lungs. It is responsible for the process of respiration that is vital to the survival of living beings. Respiration is the process of obtaining and using oxygen, while eliminating carbon dioxide. It is the process by which human beings take in the oxygen from their environment and give out the carbon dioxide that is produced as a result of chemical reactions within the cells. The specialized system that brings about this critical process of respiration in human beings is known as the human respiratory system.
The bag is then inflated until the air pressure in the cuff overcomes the arterial pressure and obliterates the arterial lumen. This is confirmed by palpating the radial pulse that disappears when the cuff-pressure is raised above the arterial pressure. The pressure is then raised further by 20 mm Hg and then slowly reduced. When the pressure in the cuff reaches just below the arterial pressure, blood escapes beyond the occlusion in to the peripheral part of the artery and the pulse starts reappearing. This is detected by the appearance of sound heard in the stethoscope and pressure at which the sounds are first heard is the systolic pressure.
Respiratory System Function of the Respiratory System The function of the respiratory system is to transport air into the lungs and to facilitate the diffusion of Oxygen into the blood stream. Its also receives waste Carbon Dioxide from the blood and exhales it. The respiratory system consists of the following structures, divided into the upper and lower respiratory tracts: Upper Respiratory Tract Mouth, nose & nasal cavity: The function of this part of the system is to warm, filter and moisten the incoming air Pharynx: Here the throat divides into the trachea (wind pipe) and oesophagus (food pipe). There is also a small flap of cartilage called the epiglottis which prevents food from entering the trachea Larynx: This is also known as the voice box as it is where sound is generated. It also helps protect the trachea by producing a strong cough reflex if any solid objects pass the epiglottis.
This is what is generally referred to as breathing. Internal Respiration This is the exchange of gases between the circulatory system and the tissues of the body. Cellular respiration describes the chemical processes (such as oxidisation) involved when individual molecules use oxygen, creating carbon dioxide as a waste product. The Passage of Oxygen from Nose to Lungs During external respiration or breathing, air is drawn in through the nose, where it is warmed, filtered and moistened. It then passes through the pharynx, larynx and trachea and into the thoracic cavity containing the lungs.
The left and right side of the heart are separated by the posterior interventricular sulcus. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite and receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. The Cardiovascular System works with the body’s Circulatory System and is responsible for distributing blood and nutrients throughout the body to maintain homeostasis. It then helps to pump blood around the body, to supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and to transport waste products away from the tissues.
This is very important as this allows osmosis occurs in our bodies. Plasma is forced out of the capillaries under high hydrostatic pressure to form tissue fluid. Some of the tissue fluid is return in capillary ends and some is returned to the blood by the lymphatic system. Plasma carries glucose, ions, waste product, respiratory gases and hormones around the body. Small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse in and out of the cells through the phospholipid bilayer; ions and glucose molecules enter and leave the cell via the channel proteins.
To understand completely the importance of inserting chest drains, when required, we have to look closely at the entire mechanism of breathing. When breathing, the diaphragm descends and contracts, while the lower ribs move upwards and outwards, and the upper ribs and sternum move upwards and forwards. This process allows oxygenation of haemoglobin in the red blood cells. Across the NHS there are two types of chest drains, each with its particularities and ease of use. The first one is the Heimlich device, which consists in a rubber one-way flutter valve connected to a standard bottle.