Research Paper on “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?”

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Joyce Carol Oates’ “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” is a story about a young girl named Connie who starts out being superficial and selfish and ends up in a horrifying situation she must accept unless she wants her family to be in the same horrifying situation. It is a terrible decision for a teenage girl to make, but she does, and she leaves with the mysterious Arnold Friend. There are many different explanations and theories as to why she left with Arnold, what happened when he was at her house, and who Arnold Friend truly was. Joyce Carol Oates left “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” with countless ideas about countless parts of the story. There are very heavy biblical theories about the nature of this story, and many thoughts on Connie’s teenage promiscuity and her assumed rape at the end of the story. The story “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” is generally assumed to be very complex, with many interpretations of the story’s repeated references to church and religion, the mysterious code on Arnold Friend’s car, and the curious nature of Arnold Friend himself. It is made obvious that Connie has no true religious background, and she recognizes it but doesn’t mind. That is made clear when Connie references to the fact her family doesn’t go to church. “One Sunday Connie for up at eleven – none of them bothered with church. . .” (Oates 586). Some critics believe that this could be the ultimate cause of her downfall. “The fact that Connie’s interaction with Friend occurs on a Sunday but ‘none of [the family] bothered with church’ leaves her vulnerable and suggests that religion could . . . provide physical if not spiritual protection” (Caldwell). Caldwell continues this thought, saying “Although all the other members of Connie’s family go to a picnic, an activity that could replace . . . church attendance, Connie does not attend either

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