Reform and Revival in Islam: Iran

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History asserts the concept that human development is a combination of willingness of informed groups to take action within the restrictions and possibilities of a pre-existing society. This suggests that there are many options for change within given social limitations today. The desire for Islamic reform stems from a need to interact with other cultures, and the difficulty of incorporating old interpretations with contemporary Islamic society. Many Muslims felt that they would lose the impact of Muhammad’s message with new interpretations. While other educated officials felt that the fundamentals of Islam are timeless, but the interpretations had to be reevaluated in order to apply in daily life. Therefore, an examination of the Islamic Revolution in Iran advocates a great truth with a myriad of implications: Religion can be a very potent catalyst of mass political action, and is a key foundation to the Islamic empires. As Karl Marx famously stated, “Religion is the opiate of the masses.” Therefore, the need for reform was because of changing times, along with the mistakes and corruption of the former political forces. The 1979 Iranian Revolution consequently came to be one of the most important occurrences in modern history. The relation between outside influences effecting society and already established structures was at the heart of the reform. This already existent social structure resulted from a few things. The first contributor was the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s strict modernization for a more western-like culture. His original installation in 1953 by the CIA and close identification with Western allied powers (the United States), use of many US military advisers and technicians, and granting them diplomatic immunity from prosecution made nationalistic Iranians to view him as a puppet for the Western world. Corruption, superiority, and wasteful

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