The acid protonates the hydroxyl group, which creates water, a good leaving group. A beta hydrogen is then involved in the E1 process and a C=C double bond is formed. Since the starting material is not symmetric we obtain a mixture of products, with 1-Methylcyclohexene as the major product according to Zaitsev’s Rule. (1) The product is obtained by distillation, where it is accompanied by water and some phosphoric acid. Because of this, anhydrous sodium sulfate is used to remove the water from the solution.
The relative reactivity of the hydrogens H1, H2, H3 , and H4 were 0.37, 1.4, 2.9, and 1.0 respectively. The radical chlorination of 1-chlorobutane follows the radical reaction mechanism. Abstraction of hydrogen from 1-chlorobutane by the chlorine radical occurs in the first part of the propagation step. Depending on which hydrogen is abstracted by the chlorine radical, determines which product is formed. Hydrogens on the alkene have different reactivity which determines which isomer is favored.
The reaction that occurred with this step was displacement and metathesis in the form of gas formation. The balanced equation of this step looks as follows: CuSO4aq+Zns→Cus+ZnSO4(aq) Once this step was finished, the remaining copper was retrieved. First, to recover the copper HCl was added to remove all the zinc. When this happened, a yellow tint was observed in the liquid, as well as bubbling as the zinc was broken down. Once the copper dried out, it was weighed and came to a total of 240 mg.
Rajeev Pathapati Limiting Reactant Lab Chemistry 6th Due: 2/9/12 Introduction: When a chemical reaction occurs, there is usually a limiting reactant. In a chemical reaction, the limiting reactant, also known as the limiting reagent, is the reactant that is totally consumed at the end of a chemical reaction, and is the reactant that limits the amount of product formed. This also results in excess of the other reactant(s). The reaction tested in this experiment was between a Copper (II) Chloride aqueous solution, and Aluminum metal. The purpose of the lab was to determine which reactant was the limiting reactant, and to see how much of the other reactant was used.
However NaBH4 has its down falls and decomposes in the presence of acidic functional groups like carboxylic acids, which means that acid groups must be reduced with a base such as sodium hydroxide before NaBH4 will be able to reduce an aldehyde or ketone. The reaction of NaBH4 is produced by the addition of a hydride ion to an organic substrate, and since this reducing agent contains four hydride one equivalent of NaBH4 is able to reduce up to four molecules of a ketone with a single carbonyl group. The mechanism for this reaction involves an irreversible nucleophilic addition of a hydride ion to the carbonyl group of benzil. Once the addition of this hydride ion occurs the carbonyl oxygen becomes protonated producing a positive charge on the carbonyl oxygen, which then recants to form a carbonyl alcohol via electrophilic addition of a hydrogen atom to the carbonyl oxygen. Since the carbonyl group of the ketone is trigonal planar molecule in its geometry it is able to be attacked from either side of the molecule by the hydride ion.
2608T_ch19sm_S223-S237 02/22/2008 2:47 pm Page 223 pinnacle 111:WHQY028:Solutions Manual:Ch-19: Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation chapter 19 2H 1. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions The NADH dehydrogenase complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain promotes the following series of oxidation-reduction reactions, in which Fe3 and Fe2 represent the iron in iron-sulfur centers, Q is ubiquinone, QH2 is ubiquinol, and E is the enzyme: (1) NADH 2 H E-FMN 88n NAD 2Fe 3 E-FMNH2 2Fe2 (2) E-FMNH2 (3) 2Fe 2H H 88n E-FMN 3 Q 88n 2Fe QH2 QH2 Sum: NADH Q 88n NAD For each of the three reactions catalyzed by the NADH dehydrogenase complex, identify (a) the electron donor, (b) the electron
Some natural waters contain iron ions that affect the taste of the water and cause rust stains. Aeration converts any iron (II) ions into iron (III) ions. A basic solution (contains hydroxide ions) is added
b. Calculate the fuel value in kJ/g for each of these compounds. c. FOr each hydrocarbon determine the percentage of hydrogen by mass. d. By comparing your answers for part (b) and (c), propose a relationship between hydrogen content and fuel value in hydrocarbons. a) for a we first need to find a balanced equation for when the hydrocarbons combust to form CO2 and H20.
Name: Alexis Savastano How Does pH Affect an Enzyme? Catalase is an enzyme that helps decompose the toxic hydrogen peroxide that is produced during normal cell activities. The products of this reaction are water and oxygen gas. The pressure of the oxygen gas in a closed container increases as oxygen is produced. Any increase in the rate of reaction will cause an increase in the pressure of the oxygen.
General mechanism The chain component is as per the following, utilizing the chlorination of methane as an issue illustration: 1. Start: Splitting or homolysis of a chlorine particle to structure two chlorine particles, started by ultraviolet radiation or daylight. A chlorine particle has an unpaired electron and goes about as an issue radical. Methane chlorination: launch 2. Chain engendering (two steps): a hydrogen particle is pulled off from methane leaving a 1˚ methyl radical.