Redox Reaction Essay

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Lab Acid-Base Objectives: 1. Perform a neutralization reaction. 2. Perform reactions of acids and bases on various materials. 3. Test various solutions with acid-base indicators. 4. Measure the pH of various of common materials. 5. Perform dissociation reactions of salts and test the solutions pH. 6. Prepare buffer solutions and measure their buffer capacities. Introduction: In 1884 Svante Arrhenius proposed the first theoretical model for acids and bases. Prior to that time, these chemically opposite substances were described in properties such as their taste; their effects on metals, carbonates, and dyes (called indicators); their feel to the touch, and their ability to react with each other. According to the Arrhenius theory, pure water dissociates to some extent to produce hydrogen ions, H+ and hydroxide ions, OH-. When this occurs, equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions are produced: H2O(l) ( H+(aq) + OH-(aq) The list of strong acids include, HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4 and HClO4. The list of strong bases include, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH and CsOH. What do the strong bases have in common? They are all composed of a group one metal and a hydroxide. From the solubility rules all compounds containing a group one metal are soluble. All of these acids and bases dissociate 100% in water. pH is used to describe the acidic or basic nature of a solution. The H in pH means the concentration of hydrogen ion, H+ in a solution. The p in pH is just a mathematical trick to make a decimal number a whole number. People do not like decimals and do not like exponents and really hate negative exponents. The p in pH is –log. Again, the H in pH is the concentration of H+ in molarity, but since it is in water we really mean hydronium, [H3O+]. Salts are compounds composed of a metal and a non-metal. An interesting phenomenon occurs when certain salts

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