The four main groups involved in the clashes are as followed: Loyalist and Nationalist Paramilitaries, the ‘authorities’ and the Civil Rights movement. This essay will conclude that although each fragment had a vital role to play, it was the internal conflict between the extreme Unionists and the extreme Loyalists that was to blame, and thus that the overall cause was long term internal nationality aims between these two groups. The 1960s Civil rights movement in Northern Ireland aimed to stop alleged discrimination against Catholic Northern Irish citizens, who were the minority of the population in Northern Ireland: 34.9% in 1961 compared to 65.1% Protestants. The civil rights movement centred on issues such as housing allocation and electoral discrimination against Catholics. They used marches to protest their cause, beginning on the 5th October 1968.
The membership for the Tories has decreased from almost 3 million in 1951, to between 130 & 170 thousand in 2011. Liberal Democrat membership has also decreased from 145 000 in 1983 to 49 000 in 2011. This shows a great decline in those willing to take a particularly active role in being involved in politics. If there are a decreasing number of people becoming particularly interested in politics, then surely this decline may correlate with a general disinterest or lack of participation, throughout all parties. However, this data does not tell the whole story.
Another sign that political participation has declined in the UK is the idea of Partisan dealignment. This idea means that people increasingly identify less closely with political parties than they used to. For example, 50 years ago it was common for the working class to vote Labour, but now there is less of a distinction between party and classes. Partisan dealignment is a major reason why participation has declined in the UK in recent years because there is a further gap between political parties and the public, so people are unsure who they want to vote for. Party membership has decreased over recent years which correlate into less people voting.
Depression and the New Deal is an important historical period that had huge impacts on American’s politic and economy during 1930s. This period has caught my interest because I really admire our president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, his political philosophy, and his New Deal plan. While many Americans were suffering from the depression, Roosevelt appeared as a hero to save and bring hopes to the country. He came up with his New Deal plan to help America’s economy improve and get rid of the depression. During the depression, Roosevelt had to carry heavy burdens on his shoulders because he had to face a lot of problem such as high unemployment rates, banking crisis, and starvation.
To what extent was Wilhelmine Germany rived by internal tensions’ There were many reasons as to why Wilhelmine Germany had internal tensions and strains. A lot of these reasons are to do with the political side and the contradictions to do within Germany being seen as constitutional and democratic and then not issuing any of these policies. There are issues within the political parties themselves and conflating ideologies, as well as with the chancellors, the Kaiser and the government. Again another source of tensions was the growing minorities and varying races and religions making up a large part of Whilhelmine Germany, whom were treated immorally. All of these strains add up to make a tension filled country with a lot of underlying problems, that were contradictions to what is portrayed.
To what extent did The Ku Klux Klan prevented African Americans from gaining Civil Rights in the years 1960-64? Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the Ku Klux Klan re-emerged, feeling that their goal of white supremacy was being challenged by the Civil Rights Campaign. Between these years they created many problems for the campaign, and could even be blamed for the lack of Civil Rights legislation in this period. One of the key ways in which the Klan blocked any progress was through intimidation and fear. In many Southern States the force and presence of the Klan was enough to dissuade African Americans from joining the campaign - Mississippi, as state with the highest amount of Klan activity also had the lowest amount of registered African American voters, and the lowest amount of NAACP activists.
The Vietnam War and the draft also sparked major protests around the United States specifically from college students who resented The System or The Man. 1968 was a turning point for the United States by the Vietnam War and Civil Rights. Nixon was a high card in Vietnam, his unusual tactics and highly conspicuousness caused much hysteria in the United States. Vietnam was a much highly debated and thought of issue, as Nixon learned that three hundred United States soldiers were dying in Vietnam per week, he started taking various actions. He acquired to try different things such as the secret Operation Menu and Linebacker II for inducing hostilities to Vietnam.
Enrollments in colleges and universities were at an all-time high, and many students felt anguish in the efforts of college administrators to control outside aspects of their lives. Other liberals, becoming involved in the growing civil rights movement, were disappointed in mainstream liberals not highlighting their hardships and supporting their efforts to better their party. This led to the creation of the “New Left”, separately distinguished from the mainstream liberal and Democratic Party. Contrasted with the more hands-on approach of the Sharon Statement to attack the communist regime, with force if necessary, the Port Huron Statement stressed a system based on harmony and reconciliation. The statement found the economic sphere to resemble an educative, self-sufficient, creative one, opposed to the mechanically manipulated system that was currently in place.
Only native born white gentile Americans were allowed to join. Everywhere across the nation Anglo-Saxon Protestant men flocked into the newly formed chapters seeking to relieve their anxiety over a changing society by embracing the KKK's unusual rituals and by demonstrating their hatred against blacks, Jews, and Catholics. The Klan attributed much of the tension and conflict in society to the prewar flood of immigrants; foreigners spoke different languages or worshipped in strange churches and lived in distant threatening cities. They punished blacks who did not know their place, women who practiced the new morality, and aliens who refused to conform. Being, flogging, burning with acid, even murder was condemned.
Sixties critics The sixties remain very much in play, their meaning hotly contested though often without sufficient historical context. This is most apparent in the political arena where liberals and conservatives bicker over militarism, interventionism, materialism, idealism and especially the legacy of the civil rights movement and the expanded social welfare policies of that decade. Both political parties pick and choose what they wish to remember. To Democrats, the sixties were a golden age of government activism on behalf of the dispossessed, destroyed by the conservative white backlash of the seventies, eighties, and nineties. To Republicans, the turbulent sixties signaled the beginning of a long moral slide in the United States and an end to governmental restraint and fiscal responsibility.