Reasons for Mercian Decline in the 9th Century

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What factors lay behind the collapse of the kingdom of Mercia in the 9th century Mercia, a Saxon kingdom mighty enough to conquer the English Midlands with enough power spare to reign supreme over Wessex , Kent , East Anglia and Essex. Then the question arises why did this mighty kingdom fade to a shadow of it's 8th century self during the period of 800-900? First we need to go back to what is commonly accepted as the golden age of Mercia after all it was only during the reign of Offa that any King could claim to be Bretwalda with any degree of confidence i.e. overlord ship of other Kingdoms[1]. However the reign of King Offa is an important period for understanding the prowess of the Mercian kingdom. It is undeniable that Offa was a successful king as Charlemagne himself once claimed him as king of the English,[2] his ability to claim new territory and gain a huge personal wealth that surpassed the accomplishment of any of his successors. This new territory however was not consequence free. In every land Offa claimed for Mercia there was a king who lost his crown, a king who would grow bitter, a king whose family would always remember thus, claimed lands without a powerful ruler such as Offa to keep them in check would eventually revolt.[3] However it would be unfair to put all the blame on Offa, Cenwulf spoiled relations with archbishop of Canterbury Wulfred who took a stand at Mercia claiming religious houses. Thus Cenwulf brother was left with bad blood that would affect Mercias and Kent relations. So it could be said the it was Offa's ambition in conquering territory which formerly acted as buffer states that instead were converted into Earldoms meaning any conflict or disputes that these states once held became Mercias problem and these problems often cost resources to correct.[4] Therefore, it can be said the very things that put Mercia at
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