Unit 533 - Understand the process and experience of dementia Learning outcome 1 - Understand the neurology of dementia 1. Describe a range of causes of dementia syndrome There are many different forms of dementia and each has its own causes. Dementia may also be a symptom that develops in the later stages of some illnesses. Some of the most common forms or causes of dementia include: • Alzheimer’s disease • Vascular dementia • Parkinson’s disease • Dementia with Lewy bodies • Huntington’s disease • Alcohol related dementia – Korsakoff’s syndrome • AIDS related dementia • Fronto Temporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and accounts for between 50 and 70 per cent of all cases.
The cause of the brain cells dying and the deterioration of the connectors is not fully known. Vascular dementia is a form of dementia caused by damage to the brain through deprivation of oxygenated blood. Causes are preventable and include high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes and high cholesterol. Rarer forms of dementia are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Biswanger’s disease. 1.2 Types of memory impairment Whilst long term memory loss is experienced, short term memory loss can cause more problems, although it is not the same in every case.
Task 3 3.1 The most common causes of dementia are Alzheimer's disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Stroke, Picks disease, Degenerative Diseases. 3.2 The signs and symptoms of the most common causes of dementia are memory loss, impaired judgement, depression, communication limitations, Difficulties with abstract thinking, Faulty reasoning, Inappropriate behaviour, Disorientation to time and place, Gait, motor, and balance problems. Neglect of personal care and safety, Hallucinations, paranoia and agitation. 3.3 Risk factors? 3.4 Prevalence rates?
B – DEM 301 - Understand the process and experience of dementia As part of my role I am responsible for the procurement and contracting of services for Older People. The types of services that are procured can be varied and wide ranging. Understand the neurology of dementia 1.1 There are a wide range of causes of Dementia. Dementia may be brought on by one particular cause or sometimes a combination of conditions. Dementia is basically damage in the brain where there is a build-up of abnormal proteins which causes a decline in mental ability.
DEM-301 Understand the Process and Experience of Dementia 1.1 Describe a range of causes of dementia syndrome. Fixed cognitive impairments are due to a single incident.traumatic brain injurys may cause generalised damage to the white matter of the brain or localised damages. A brief reduction in the supply of blood and oxygen to the brain may lead to this type of dementia. A stroke or brain infection can also be the cause of dementia. Excessive alcoholic intake results in alcoholic dementia.
Dementia Awareness 1.1 Explain what is meant by the term ‘dementia’. A chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning. 1.2 Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia. The key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia are the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebrum lobe and the hippocampus. 1.3 Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia.
They might not remeber who they are or were they are without support or care. 3.1 The most common causes of dementia are Alzhemirs, vascular, parkinsons, lewy body 3.2 Likely signs and symptoms of common causes of dementia are , memory loss, depression, personality changes, deliruim, confusion and inabilities of tasks. 3.3 Risk factors for dementia are smoking, high blood pressure, alcohol, diabetes, depression, head injuries and age. 3.4 Prevalence rates for different types of dementia are Demography, background, prevalance and incidence and projected growth. 4.1 Depending on the form of dementia people abilities and disabilities will always be different.
Hippocampus: - responsible for memory forming, organizing and storing, emotions. 1.3 Depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia because the symptoms for these illnesses are very similar to the symptoms with dementia. It is very hard to make a diagnosis of dementia in the early stages due to their being so many other illnesses with the same symptoms. 2.1 The medical model relates to clinical approach. Focusing on the impairment as the problem and will focus on cure.
People with delirium suffer from hallucinations and delutions which means they hear see or think things that are not real, their thinking and reasoning are affected significantly and severe confusion is often present as in most cases of dementia. Age related memory impairment can cause forgetfulness again similar to dementia. The most common causes of different types of dementia are as follows. Alzheimer's disease: Alzheimer's disease is caused by parts of the brain wasting away, which damages the structure of the brain and how it works.It is not known exactly what causes this process to begin, but people with Alzheimer's disease have been found to have abnormal amounts of protein and fibres in the brain.These reduce the effectiveness of healthy neurons, gradually destroying them.Over time, this damage spreads to other areas of the brain such as the grey matter and the hippocampus. Risk factors
2 How dementia affects decision-making Dementia is the umbrella term for a number of conditions which cause damage to the brain cells. The most common form is Alzheimer’s disease which has a gradual progression. The next most common type is vascular dementia which has a step-like progression. About one in four people with Parkinson’s disease also develop dementia. Short-term memory loss, disorientation and loss of concentration are common symptoms.