Puritan Massachusetts or the “city upon a hill” for example, instilled a theocratic government in which it was treason to oppose any Puritan practice. Although the Ministers had no formal political power, they held great power over the church members. The people were taxed to support the Church and rules requiring Church attendance were put in place. Known as the New England Way, the Puritans often banished religious outsiders such as the Quakers, in fear of losing political and religious control of the colony. Ann Austin and Mary Fisher, both Quakers, began preaching in the city of Boston in 1656.
Namely Cromwell and Cranmer played important roles, and overall I agree with the view that the decisive influence in shaping the reformation was Thomas Cromwell due to his closeness to the king and willingness to entirely devote his time and resources into the reformation. The feeling in Source 7 is that Cromwell played an important role in swaying the mind of the king against the clergy, and into reformation. In his ‘supplication against the ordinaries’ Cromwell attacks the clergy saying they make laws without Henry, some of which “clash with the laws off your kingdom”. Here Cromwell might be referring to the law of preamunire, which forbade the following of a foreign law over that of the kings. His influence over the king on this matter could then be shown to have an effect where in the early 1530’s Henry went on to charge all the Clergy with preamunire, and threatened a few with death.
Jean Jacques Rousseau concluded that all people were entitled to participate in their government, as well as possessing liberties to political and legal equality (Brinkley Alan pg 142). These ideas only fed colonist’s growing discontent with their mother country, and proved the unjustness of no taxation without representation. With the aid of Enlightenment thinkers, colonists recognized the lack of stability of the British Parliament as well as the excessive power of the king. Although revolutionary issued propaganda, the pamphlet Common Sense by Thomas Paine summarized the lack of just British leadership, and alerted colonists to the country’s abuse of power. The British crown was no
Sir Edmond Andros was an English military man who openly affiliated himself with the Church of England. The people of New England despised him because along with being a part of the Church of England, he had his men teach the people ti drink, blaspheme, curse, and damn. He changed everything cherished by New England by intentionally interrupting cherished town meetings, restricting the court, the press, schools, and revoking all land titles. 28. The Glorious Revolution was the dethroning of the unpopular Catholic James II and enthroning Protestant rulers William III and Mary.
one must look at what is taking place in today’s society. What happened to Webber’s theory about the Protestant value system that gave birth to the spirit of capitalism? “We are interested… in… the influence of those psychological sanctions which, originating in religious belief and the practice of religion, gave a direction to practical conduct and held the individual to it.” In today’s society it seems as if Webber’s type of ethics is out of the norms. No one really seems to care about their conduct anymore and there is no individual accountability. It feels as is everyone’s heart has become cold.
During the time of the protestant reformation, many English Puritans grew resentful of the newly developed religious features, differed from their way of life. Many of them chose to settle elsewhere in order to create their own utopian society. With the same intentions, a group of Puritans settled in the Virginia colony area, which was later known as the New England colonies. The Puritans’ values and ideas will deeply root in the colony and affect the colony’s economic, social, and political development since their arrival in 1630. The puritan society is an orderly, tightly knitted model of a holy community.
They made an agreement to set up a government based on majority rule, similar to a democracy, called the Mayflower Compact. In 1691 Plymouth merges with Massachusetts Bay Colony. Within the Pilgrims are Separatists; these people are a more radical form of Puritans. Both Puritans and Pilgrims were influenced by Martin Luther and John Calvin. The main focus in life is God, and their goal is to break completely away from the Church of England because it is believed to be corrupt.
i. Views challenged those of the Puritans. ii. She was banished because of them. III The union of church and state A.
He believed the selling indulgences was wrong, and even the pope, Pope Leo X, did not have the authority to abolish sins through payments. Luther recognized that at this time, the Church was more focused on accumulating money than saving its people and spreading the word of Christ. Luther believed that only God has the ability to take away the sins of humanity. Martin Luther published his opinions in a document titled Ninety-Five Theses. The monk's writing spread quickly around Europe, and he soon posed a serious threat to the Catholic Church.
These included the issue of taxation without representation in the British parliament, searches and seizures without credible reasons, the taking away of Americans’ firearms, the taking away of their land, and many other problems. However, it was the American religion, particularly New England religion, which gave Americans the mental frame for comprehending their problems with England. Furthermore, It was religion which informed the Americans that the British government was not only instituting foolish policies, but also trampling the rights of Americans which were accorded to them by God. Americans believed the King and his parliament were engaging in what amounted to a war against God. It was religion which persuaded the Americans that they had a holy obligation to commence a rebellion.