Unknown Lab Report: Enterobacter cloacae Jessica Sainvil Professor Cupido Bio 253L1 Thu 9:30-12:30 Due Date: 12/6/12 Unknown#103 Introduction The bacterium Enterobacter cloacae isolated from the given #103 was a Gram-negative Rod. The purpose of this lab was to isolate and identify the genus and species of an unknown bacterium. It is important to identify an unknown microorganism because knowing how the bacteria work and how it is structured means knowing how it can affect humans. Unknown bacteria may also be used clinically many pharmaceutical drugs are based on products made by organisms (Katzung, B.G.2004). In order to identify the unknown organism a series of tests were performed.
Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Answer: Bacteria Bacteria are single-cell microorganisms which generally exist in large numbers and are microscopic in size. Bacteria can be either beneficial (bacteria in the intestinal tract aid digestion and are part of the normal body flora) or can be the cause of disease (for example pneumonia, food poisoning or bacterial meningitis). Viruses A virus is an infectious agent which can only live and replicate inside organism cells. The main difference between viruses and bacteria is that they are unable to reproduce in food – they need a living host cell to replicate. They replicate by infecting and taking over the functions of the host cell.
They are found naturally in humans, as well as plants and animals. Bacteria multiply by themselves to spread. Bacteria rapidly reproduce and make toxins that kill or damage cells. They differ from viruses, fungi and parasites because they do not always cause harm, sometimes they can be beneficial. In fact only 1% of bacteria are harmful.
Parasites A parasite is a tiny organism that lives in or on a host (A body) which they use in order to feed. Parasites can cause severe illness's, there are 3 main types of parasites: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. Protozoa- They are single celled organisms that can be free-living or parasitic in nature. They are able to multiply in humans, which contributes to their survival and also gives way to serious infections to develop. Helminths- are large, multicellular organisms that are generally visible
Andrew Hodgkiss Unit 22 Information sourced from various sites on the Internet. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites: The first bacteria a usual size is but a few micrometers in length shapes ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are present in most of the Earths habitats such as soil, water, acidic hot springs and radioactive waste also, found in/on animals and plants. Some bacteria are beneficial to human existence others can be fatal in developed countries antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Viruses are small infectious agents that replicate only inside the living cells of other organisms, Viruses infect all types of life forms from animals, plants and bacteria.
The discovery of the sea urchins’ genetics might open up a new era or medications and treatments. Scientist need to focus on finding the DNA map to solve the cure for cancer and the other diseases. In this article I learned that sea urchins are one of the few invertebrates that share thousands of te same genes as humans. I also learned that sea urchins have 7,000 of the same gens humans have. Sea urchins and humans share more than 7,000 genes, and biologists are now using these sea creatures to unlock the mysteries of human diseases.
in nature, the bacteria can transfer these plasmids from bacteria to bacteria, transfering those beneficial genes. this mechanism allows bacteria to adapt to new and foreign environments. the continuous resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is due to the transmission of these plasmids. Bio-Rads unique pGLO plasmid encodes the gene for GFP and a gene for resistance the antibiotic ampicillin. pGLO can also control the gene expression of this fluorecent protein.
The cells from which these bacteria came from would have to have had a symbiotic relationship (Swire 2011). When two different species undergo symbiosis, they profit from living and working together (“The Evolution of the Cell” 2012). Symbiosis is defined as one organism actually living inside the other (“The Evolution of the Cell” 2012). Once the bacteria would form the organelles, they would have to live inside the host cell or they would die (Swire 2011). As we all know, in everyday life people use the word theory as an opinion, but in the world of science it is used as a well-developed explanation accepted as fact.
Parasites are part of a large group of organisms called eukaryotes. They are different from bacteria & viruses because their cells share many features with human cells including a defined nucleus. They are usually larger than bacteria, although some environmentally resistant forms are nearly as small. Some parasites only replicate within a host organism, but some can multiply freely in the environment. Parasites can be made up of one cell, as in the case of Giardia, or many cells, as with parasitic
Disease Yersinia pestis The Plague Jesus Urquijo Biology 113 Lab March 18, 2013 Microbes are what make the world what it is today. They are found in nearly every environment on earth. Each species has its own way of getting nutrients and adapting to its environment, such as pH, aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and enzymes that are essential for optimum living. The majority of bacteria living on earth are harmless if not beneficial to the human race, but those few microbes that are harmful to humans are those that cause disease. They are referred to as pathogens and need to be observed so we can prevent the spreading of disease caused by those particular microbes.