Psychology of Language Classroom Practices

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Introduction Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of learning and development has made a great impact on the learning and teaching profession. It has many key concepts. In this paper, the key concepts of sociocultural theory such as the zone of proximal development (ZPD), mediation, scaffolding, the shift from interpersonal to intrapersonal activity will be introduced firstly. Most importantly, with the reference to the key concepts from sociocultural theory, the strengths of using the collaborative learning activities in the context of English language teaching in Hong Kong will be examined in depth. The paper will also explore how the English language learners in Hong Kong benefit from the collaborative learning activities. A. Key Concepts from Sociocultural Theory- Zone of proximal development, Regulation, Intermental - Intramental activity, Mediation and Scaffolding Vygotsky first applied sociocultural approaches to learning and development. From sociocultural perspectives, learning can develop effectively when learners use their minds and available tools to engage collaboratively in the learning activities. Undeniably, Language is one of the major tools. Gesture is also considered. According to Wertsch (1985), the sociocultural perspective encompasses social interaction as contingent upon language and gesture which are used by the learner to form the instrumental tools for thinking and problem solving. The major concepts of from the sociocultural theory are examined as follows: Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Vygotsky emphasized the essential role of zone of proximal development (ZPD) in learning. According to Vygotsky, ZPD was defined as: “the distance between a child’s developmental level as determined by independent problem-solving and the higher level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in
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