• Evaluate different parenting styles and their influence on development during infancy and early childhood. Include which parenting style you feel is most effective and why. • Discuss early childhood education and its influence on cognitive development. • Include at least two references. • Format your paper to APA standards.
Considering the work of key pioneers and current experts with links to child development theory. There are many theories about how children learn and develop. This area of study is called developmental psychology which covers subjects such as cognitive, language and emotional development. The research methods are based heavily on the on going assessments carried out by observing children over a period of time. Assessment is part of the process of understanding what children know, understand and can do so that future teaching steps can be appropriately planned.
Early Childhood Development: Psychoanalytic Theory, Contextual Theory, & Cognitive Theory There are five main perspectives to human development; Psychoanalytic, Learning, Cognitive, Evolutionary/Sociobiological and Contextual. In this paper we will compare and contrast three of these developmental theories, the Psychoanalytic, Contextual and Cognitive. We will show how each theory has added to the knowledge we have of child development. We will also examines how, by using the knowledge that has been gained from these theories, parents and educators alike, have been able to be more informed of the needs of children and their ability to reach higher goals. According to Freud, three aspects of early childhood development are the developing of the ego, id and superego in resolving the conflicts during early childhood stages: the oral stage, anal stage and phallic stages of development including the Oedipus complex (Quigley, Psychoanalysis).
Whilst early theories pertaining to maternal interaction and deprivation can be found in the works of Sigmund Freud, Rene Spitz and Harry Harlow, Attachment Psychologist John Bowlby is largely regarded as the pioneer in the field (Peterson, 2004). Bowlby believed attachment to be an innate adaptive method applied by the child in an attempt to meet primary survival needs (i.e. food, shelter, mental stimulation). In order to secure these primary needs, newborn infants will attempt to form secure attachments to primary caregivers. If secured the child will receive ample attention and have basic needs met.
Movement limitations may compromise children's abilities to communicate, interact, and explore their environments (Gallahue 1999). This strong connection between movement and other domains, especially cognitive development, was underscored by Piaget, who theorized that in the first 2 years of life, which he called the sensorimotor phase, motor actions in the environment provide the foundation for children's intelligence . For these reasons, we believe that early movement skills should be monitored to allow for early detection and intervention (Gallahue
The requirements in this document have statutory force by virtue of Section 44 (1) of the Childcare Act 2006. Source: pg 7 statutory framework document National and local guidance materials that we use are the EYFS, OFSTED standards, our own council and Government standards, UN convention laws and the settings policies and procedures. 1.2 I tend to focus on a child led and centred approach to gain the full potential from the child, but I have found that an adult led approach can work for some children that are in the transition period as they feel that security from their key carer. I also focus on Piagets’ theory on “The preoperational stage” with the childs egocentrism in the birth to seven stage where the child only thinks for themselves and has no concept of the world around them and work from that. 1.3 The EYFS has a personal and individual approach because every practioner and child is different.
As these generations age, society changes as well as the family values. Adjustments are made to meet both individual and society needs. The three key processes in which children learn values and develop character should start with the forming of emotional attachments, teaching of pro-social behavior, and respect for authority; and abiding by the rules both within the family structure and society. The forming of emotional attachment should start at birth. First the infant bonds with its mother.
Family Dynamics and Child Development Author Institution Family dynamics refers to a particular way of living within a family, their relation to one another and how their interactions lead to development of a given behavior later on in life. Child development occurs right from the onset of birth, therefore the is need for viewing children as small adults and paying attention to the development of cognitive abilities, physical growth and use of language occurring during childhood and adolescence stage. The importance of understanding child development is crucial since it allows a person to appreciate the physical, social, emotional, cognitive and educational growth that a child goes through in order to be a mature being (Khasgiwala, 1993). Some important theories of child development are referred to as grand theories: these describe all aspects of development by use of stage approach. Others are called mini theories; these on the other hand deals on a limited aspect of development for instance social and cognitive growth.
Developmental Psychology Developmental Psychology Introduction This project focuses on the cognitive, emotional and social development of humans during middle childhood. It entails the factors that influence development and the relevant developmental theories which were developed to help understand development. Table of Content Content Page Specific objectives: 5.5: Recognize the relevance of Erickson’s theory in middle childhood development……………………………………………...…..2 5.6 Understand the changes in self-development seen during middle childhood…………………………………………………………3 5.7 Know the emotional and moral developmental milestones in middle childhood……………………………………………………….4 5.8 Appreciate the significance of peer and family relations in middle childhood………………………………………………………..…5-7 5.9 Recognize some common problem of development seen in middle childhood………………………………………………………..…..8 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………10 5.5: Recognize the relevance of Erickson’s theory in middle childhood development. Erikson’s Theory: Industry versus Inferiority Erikson believed that the combination of adult expectations and children’s drive towards mastery sets the stage for psychological conflict of middle childhood, industry versus inferiority, which is resolved positively when children develop a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities.
Discuss this statement in context of relevant developmental theory. | The aim of this paper is to examine the importance of ‘sensitive mothering‘(Ainsworth in Smith, Cowie & Blades, 2003) in the social and emotional development of children. Developmental theories, such as Bowlby’s attachment theory (Bowlby, 1988), Ainsworth’s research, Erik Erikson’s psychological stages of personality (and other relevant research will be discussed to create an understanding of how the bond between mother/primary caregiver and child is essential for a healthy mental and social development. Furthermore, research that considers how early attachment impacts on the social and emotional development of 3-5 year olds and adults will be determined. Mary Ainsworth and other intellects investigated the process of mothering and how it affects the child’s attachment towards the mother/caregiver.