Further still, I will discuss the differences between the theories that see the patient’s behavior as coming from patients mind alone versus the theories that see the patient as reacting to his/her environment. Lastly I will describe the concepts and give the vignette that explains how the Kohut theory works. Psychoanalytic theory Psychoanalytic theory was first developed by Sigmund Feud and refers to the dynamics of personality development (Asch. M, 2004) He had interacted so much with mentally ill patients and through a series of close examination of his patients; he came to discover that human behaviors are controlled by the unconscious desires. He also linked some childhood desires with the development of ones personality.
The six core conditions are: * Therapist-client psychological contact * Client vulnerability * Client perception * Unconditional positive regard * Empathic understanding * Therapeutic Congruence or Genuineness With Unconditional positive regard, the counsellor accepts the client unconditionally and is non-judgemental. The client is then free to explore all their feelings and emotions without the fear of being judged or rejected. Empathic understanding refers to the counsellors accurately understanding the thoughts, feelings and meanings the clients has and be able to perceive their world as they perceive it. Congruence is the therapist being genuine and authentic towards the client . The therapist is open and transparent to the client.
* Humanistic psychology helped remove some of the stigma attached to therapy and made it more acceptable for normal, healthy individuals to explore their abilities and potential through therapy * One of the greatest strengths of humanistic psychology is that it emphasizes individual choice and responsibility. Humanistic psychology satisfies most people's idea of what being human means because it values personal ideals and self-fulfillment. Finally, humanistic psychology provides researchers with a flexible framework for observing human behavior because it considers a person in the context of his environment and in conjunction with his personal perceptions and feelings. IV.
Date 8th May 2011 Unit 1 – Essay - Reflectively analyse and compare the three main theoretical approaches and how they affect the outcome of the counselling process. This essay will reflectively evaluate and compare the three main theoretical approaches of counselling, The Person-Centred Approach, Psychodynamic Therapy and the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. It will show the differences and the similarities between these Models and how these techniques are used in a client environment to develop and move the therapeutic process forward. In counselling and therapy theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions and behaviours. A counselling and therapy theory has two key components: (1) it must describe behaviour and (2) make predictions about future behaviours.
Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic approach to abnormality The psychodynamic approach assumes that experiences in our earliest years can affect our emotions, attitudes and behaviour in later years without us being aware that it is happening. Freud suggested the mind or psyche has three parts: the conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious. Freud suggested that individuals can never be aware of the contents of the unconscious. Freud argued that childhood experiences play a crucial part in adult development, including the development of adult personality. Every child must pass through the so-called psycho-sexual stages; how a child experiences these stages plays a crucial role in the development of his/her personality.
Anthony S Brzenski 64021 BCJ 501 Criminological Theory Unit # 2 Question # 1 Freud had been criticized for the central role played in his theory by psychosexual development. Examine the role of psychosexual development as described by Freud. Next, indicate whether you believe that the critics are correct and evaluate the basis of your decision. Sigmund Freud was a Viennese Physician who opined that parents had a crucial role in managing their children’s sexual development that we develop through five stages of psychosexual development with pleasure focused on one specific region of the body during each stage. Freud believed the personality consisted of three interworking parts the id, ego, and superego.
SFBT is an approach that focuses on how clients change, rather than one which focuses on diagnosing and treating problems. Here, we see the therapist as a collaborator and adviser who helps clients to achieve their goals. In SFBT, the therapist pretends to be out of knowledge so that the client can feel himself an expert. The SFBT therapist spends most of the session listening attentively for talk about previous solutions, exceptions, and goals. When these come out, the therapist punctuates them with enthusiasm and support (de Shazer, Dolan et al.
EXPLAIN THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN ESTABLISHING A COUNSELLING SKILLS RELATIONSHIP: Developing a relationship where ones skills as a counsellor can be utilised begins with being your (flawed but contented) self. You have to be an emotionally healthy individual to understand that you are there to simply provide another (preferably informed) prospective. In order to do this one must be able to really listen to what is being said an offer a genuine level empathy – I used to believe that empathy means being able to say that you have lived through the same circumstance. However, I have come to understand that if the person you are offering empathy to really believes they are being heard, if they can feel a connection to them as a person, then any empathy offered by you will be accepted as it really stems from trust. If your client feels that you will listen without prejudice, hear what they have to say, keep their confidence AND offer a path to a real and achievable solution; you are on the way to establishing a counselling skills relationship.
Evaluate the claim that client centred therapy offers, the therapist all that he/she needs to treat clients. "When I look at the world I'm pessimistic, but when I look at people I am optimistic." Carl Rogers created the idea of client centred therapy from a optimistic, humanistic and non directive stand point. He believed that people were essentially good and given the right circumstances would move in a positive and life enhancing direction. Client centred therapy encourages the therapist to consider the individual.
The term for the use of free will is personal agency. Personal agency refers to a person’s life choices and the paths that the individual goes down, along with the consequences from these actions (Feist, Feist, & Roberts, 2013). This theory assumes that all people are basically good inside and that all individuals have an instinctual need to improve themselves, as well as the world around them. Included in the humanistic theory is the emphasis on the personal value of one’s worth, the uniqueness of individual values, and the innovative spirit of human beings. The method is optimistic in nature and concentrates on virtuous human capabilities to prevail over pain, deprivation, and hopelessness (Feist, Feist, & Roberts, 2013).