This means early experiences play a critical role in our lives. Freud believed the human mind has both unconscious and conscious areas. The unconscious part is seen as being dominated by the id, a primitive part of the human personality that seeks only gratification and pleasure. It isn’t concerned with social rules, only with self-gratification and it is driven by the ‘pleasure principle.’ It is said psychopaths are ID led. The disregard for our consequences of behaviour is referred to as ‘primary process thinking’.
This is the contradicting of Jung. Jung has analysis himself to experience the unconscious through his dreams and fantasia Jung believe that he was strong enough to make dangerous journey and come back to talk about it. His goal was to understand the unconscious from the purpose viewpoint of scientist. Ellis thoughts are that society is more disturbs and it more inclusive and exact “people disturb themselves by thing that have happen to them. And by the view, feelings, and actions” (p16) Horney’s (1950) also Adler writes that our Emotional reactions and lifestyle are associated with our basic beliefs and are therefore cognitively created.
Psychodynamic personality theories started with Sigmund Freud and his Id, Ego, and Superego theory (unconscious and conscious behavior) and today have come full circle with the validation of his basic assumptions of psychoanalytical theory. Sigmund Freud is the founder of psychodynamic approach to psychology (McLeod, 2007, p.1). The first theory of the psychodynamic approach was Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis theory. The approach of many psychologists collectively included theories based on Freud’s ideas. In essence, Freud’s theoretical foundation for the psychodynamic approach is referenced as the structural model (Marc F. Kern, 1996-2003).
The psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behaviour and mental processes reflect constant and unconscious struggles within person. These usually involve conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society. Not all those who take a Psychodynamic approach accept all of Freud's original ideas, but most would view normal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately.
It was referred to as phrenology, and is primarily concerned with the localization of brain function. Franz Josef Gall was a phrenologist who could prove his theory of contra lateral function which believed that the right side of the brain controlled the left side of the body and vice versa. New innovative advancements during the 19th century allowed for new clinical studies to be performed that allowed scientists and psychologists to study individuals with mental illnesses and brain damage. If we wouldn’t had the advancements in the 19th century scientists and psychologists would have continued to struggle to prove theories on the basis of ideas rather than scientific evidence. Conclusion The history of todays psychology has been influenced by many important people throughout time.
By this, the superego and the id are balanced and form the character's identity, an integrated self. Another very important and appropriate part for a psychoanalytic interpretation of 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde' is the return of the repressed that Freud describes in his theory of psychoanalysis. Society, its norms and taboos suppress the antisocial individual desires which nevertheless exist in the subconscious. Stevenson's novel 'is one of the most famous literary expressions of the uncanny' (Meyer 138). That means something that should have stayed unknown but still appears is revealed by the return of the repressed.
Melanie Klein (Klein, 1988, 1998) made substantial discoveries and development to the theory of psychodynamics. Her ideas diverged from Freud’s theory and actually she was a strong opponent to him. Later, the so called Object Relations School combined those theories and gave further development especially by Donald Winnicott (Winnicott, 1984) – one of the most creative thinkers in this subject. Another important name is to mention - John Bowlby, who contributed to the attachment theory, which is based on the importance of actual life experiences (Bowlby, 1988). Core Psychodynamic Concepts: The Unconscious We all have a conscious and unconscious inner world.
Psychodynamic Theories Introduction goes here. Key Figures Sigmund Freud The father of psychoanalysis, Freud based his theories on the unconscious mind, infantile sexuality and the Oedipal complex, and repression. In addition, he proposed a three-part psychological structure in the Id, considered the pleasure principle, Ego, also known as the reality principle, and Superego, which is the internalized moral principle. According to Thornton (2010), “Freud’s innovative treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed of cultural artifacts as invariably possessing implicit symbolic significance has proven to be extraordinarily fruitful, and has had massive implications for a wide variety of fields including psychology, anthropology, semiotics, and artistic creativity and appreciation” (para 2). Alfred Adler In 1911, Alfred Adler formed the school of Individual Psychology as a reaction to the hostile response he received from members of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.
History and Theory (Name) PSY/504 (Date) (University) (Facilitator) History and Theory Psychology has changed over the past several decades. Theories once thought to be new and difficult to prove are the base of other theories. Theorists like Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers are still discussed in modern psychology. Sigmund Freud was a psychoanalyst and proved to be one of the most influential theorists of all time. His research and studies influenced other theorists to research deeper into Freud’s theory or to research and develop his or her own theory.
Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Tina Monteverdi PSY 250-Psychology of Personality October 3, 2012 Deann Smetana Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Psychoanalytic approach’s differ depending on the psychologist. There have been theories put forth by a few known people in history. However they do not all believe the same things. This paper will discuss the theories that have been put forth by a few. Sigmund Freud “Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud, he believed that individuals could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight” (McLeod, 2007).